(Reuters) - Vashanduri vaishandisa kukwesha pombi yaAmin Jadavji kuti vatenge tekinoroji yekumusoro yePurazi nekuburitsa matanda emashizha emashiripiti mumba nechiedza chekugadzira.
"Vaizoti, 'Izvi zvakanaka, asi zvinoita sekuyedza kwesainzi,'" akadaro Jadavji, CEO weToronto Elevate.
Ikozvino, mapurazi epamba ari kuzvimisikidza seimwe yematanho ekupararira-kunokonzerwa nedenda mukukohwa, kutumira, uye kutengeswa kwechikafu.
"Yatibatsira kushandura nhoroondo," akadaro Jadavji, ane kambani inotungamira purazi rakamira kuOntario, uye ari kuvaka vamwe muNew York neNew Zealand.
Vanotsigira, kusanganisira US Department of Agriculture (USDA), vanoti kurima mumaguta kunowedzera kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu panguva yekukwira kwemitengo uye kushomeka kwezvinhu zvepasi rose. North America zvigadzirwa zvinoburitswa zvakanyanya muMexico uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweUS, kusanganisira California, iyo inokombamira kumoto wemusango uye mamwe mamiriro ekunze akanyanya.
Kunetsekana kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuwedzerawo kudyara, kusanganisira nevekurima bhizimusi hombe Bayer AG, mumapurazi mazhinji akaturikidzana kana dzimba dzekudyira dzakakura seminda yenhabvu makumi mashanu.
Vari kugonesa makambani madiki ekuNorth America seBrightFarms, AppHarvest uye Elevate yekusimbisa kugadzirwa kwemukati uye kukwikwidzana nevatambi vakagadzwa AeroFarms nePlenty, inotsigirwa naAmazon.com Inc muvambi Jeff Bezos.
Asi vatsoropodzi vanopokana nemutengo wezvakatipoteredza wemapurazi emumba 'masimba emagetsi akakwirira.
Vertical mapurazi anokura mashizha ane mashizha mukati memakamuri akaturikidzana kana pamadziro emashizha mukati mematura kana midziyo yekutumira. Ivo vanovimba nechiedza chakagadzirwa, kudzora tembiricha uye masisitimu ekukura ane ivhu shoma iro rinosanganisira mvura kana mhute, panzvimbo penzvimbo dzakakura dzenyika mune yekurima kwechinyakare.
Greenhouses inogona kusunga mwaranzi yezuva uye ine yakaderera simba zvinodiwa. Yakasimbiswa muAsia neEurope, matura ekuchengetera ari kuwedzera muNorth America, achishandisa yakakura otomatiki.
Investment mumapurazi epasi rese epamba akazara $ 394 mamirioni mu2020, akadaro AgFunder mukuru wezvekutsvagisa Louisa Burwood-Taylor akadaro.
Ivhareji yekudyara gore rapfuura yakapetwa kaviri muhukuru, sezvo vatambi vakuru kusanganisira BrightFarms uye Plenty vakaunganidza mari nyowani, akadaro.
Kumhanyisa kukuru kwemari kuri pamberi, mushure mekupararira kwekudya - sekutapukirwa kwevashandi vanoenda kunohodha vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvemuNorth America - kwakamutsa kunetseka pamusoro pekukanganisa kwekupa, akadaro Joe Crotty, director wezvemakambani emari kubhangi rekudyara KPMG, iro rinopa zano kumapurazi akamira.
"Ramp-up chaiyo ndeye anotevera makore matatu kusvika mashanu," akadaro Crotty.
Muriwo wakasimwa mumapurazi akatwasuka kana dzimba dzekuchengetera vachiri kungori chidimbu chekugadzirwa kwese. Kutengesa kweUS yezvirimwa zvekudya zvakarimwa zvakavharwa, kusanganisira madomasi, magaka uye lettuce, zvaisvika mamirioni mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe muna790, kukwira makumi mashanu kubva muzana kubva muna2019, sekureva kweUSDA.
California yekunze musoro lettuce inogadzira yega yaive yakapetwa kanokwana kana, pa2.9 bhiriyoni mapaundi.
USDA iri kutsvaga nhengo dzekomiti nyowani yezano rekurima nezvekurima mumaguta kuti ikurudzire zvemukati nekumwe kuita kwepurazi.
KURIMA KUFUDZA KUNOFAMBA MUDZIMBA
Bayer, mumwe wevanogadzira mbeu huru kwazvo pasirese, anovavarira kupa tekinoroji yezvirimwa kuti iwedzere kurima kwakamira. Muna Nyamavhuvhu, yakabatana neSingapore yakasarudzika fund Temasek kugadzira Unfold, kambani inogara California, ine $ 30 mamirioni mumari yembeu.
Kuburitswa kunoti ndiyo kambani yekutanga yakanangana nekugadzira mhodzi ye lettuce yemukati, matomatisi, mhiripiri, sipinashi uye magaka, ichishandisa Bayer germplasm, yemhando yemagetsi, akadaro Chief Executive John Purcell.
Kufambira mberi kwavo kunogona kusanganisira, semuenzaniso, yakawanda compact michero uye kuwedzera kuberekana kunotarisa mhando, akadaro Purcell.
Kufungidzira kunotarisira kuita kutengesa kwayo kwekutanga kutanga kwa2022, yakanangana nemapurazi aripo, uye kutanga-muSingapore neUnited Kingdom.
Greenhouses iri kuwedzerawo, ichipa goho repamusoro pane kurima-munda wekurima.
AppHarvest, iyo inorima matomatisi mune 60-acre greenhouse muMorehead, Kentucky, yakapaza ivhu kune mamwe maviri mudunhu gore rapfuura. Iyo kambani inovavarira kushandisa zvivakwa gumi nembiri muna12.
Nzvimbo dzayo dzekuchengetera dzimba dzakagadzirirwa kusvika 70% yevagari vemuU.S mukati mekutyaira kwezuva, ichivapa nzira yekufambisa pamusoro peiyo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero zvigadzirwa indasitiri, akadaro Chief Executive Jonathan Webb.
"Tiri kutsvaga kubvarura indasitiri yezvigadzirwa kubva kuCalifornia neMexico tozviunza kuno," akadaro Webb.
Kufungidzirwa kwehuwandu hwepasi rose huwandu hwevanhu hunoda kuwedzera kukuru mukugadzirwa kwechikafu, chirevo chakaomarara kunze chinopihwa njodzi nenjodzi zhinji, akadaro.
New York-based BrightFarms, iyo inomhanyisa mana ekuchengetera, inovaisa padyo nemaguta makuru eUS, akadaro Chief Executive Steve Platt. Iyo kambani, ine vatengi vanosanganisira grocers Kroger neWalmart, inoronga kuvhura mapurazi ayo makuru maviri gore rino, kuNorth Carolina neMassachusetts.
Platt anotarisira kuti mukati memakore gumi, hafu yemashizha emashizha muUnited States ichauya kubva mumapurazi emumba, kumusoro kubva pasi pegumi muzana pari zvino.
"Mafungu ese ari kufamba nenzira iyi nekuti hurongwa hwatinahwo nhasi hauna kugadzirirwa kupa vanhu chikafu nyika yese," akadaro.
'ZVAKAIPA, ZVAKAIPA'
Asi Stan Cox, nyanzvi yekutsvagisa yeasina purofiti Iyo Land Institute, anokakavara nemapurazi akamira. Ivo vanovimba nemari yepagirosa kuti vadzikise yakakwira magetsi emagetsi emwenje uye tembiricha kudzora, akadaro.
"Chikonzero chese tine kurima ndechekukohwa mwenje wezuva uri kurova pasi mazuva ese," akadaro. "Tinogona kuiwana mahara."
Bruce Bugbee, purofesa wezvakatipoteredza chirimwa physiology kuUtah State University, akadzidza nzvimbo yekurima yeNASA. Asi iye anowana kurima-kwakasimba kutwasuka kurima paPasi kuri kure.
"Venture capital inopinda mumhando dzese dzekupenga, dzekupenga uye ichi ndechimwe chinhu pane chinyorwa."
Bugbee anofungidzira kuti mapurazi akamira anoshandisa zvakapetwa kagumi simba kuti agadzire chikafu semapurazi ekunze, kunyangwe kuisa mafuta mumota kune zvigadzirwa zvakajairika munyika yese kubva kuCalifornia.
AeroFarms, inoshanda yeimwe yemapurazi akakurisa pasi rose, yaimbova chigayo chesimbi cheNew Jersey, inoti kufananidza kushandiswa kwesimba nekurima kwekunze hakuna kunanga. Gadzira kuti ngarava diki diki dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekuparara uye mapurazi mazhinji ekunze anoshandisa mvura yekudiridzira nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, akadaro Chief Executive Officer David Rosenberg.
Vertical mapurazi tout zvimwe zvakatipoteredza mabhenefiti.
Simudza unoshandisa yakavharwa chiuno sisitimu yekudiridza zvirimwa otomatiki, unganidza hunyoro mbesa dzinobuda uye wozodziisa zvakare nadzo. Sisitimu yakadaro inoda 2% yemvura inoshandiswa pane yekunze romaine lettuce mashandiro, akadaro Jadavji. Iyo kambani haina kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.
"Ndinofunga tiri kugadzirisa dambudziko," akadaro.
(Kuzivisa naRod Nickel muWinnipeg, Manitoba; kumwe kutaurwa naKarl Plume muChicago; Kugadziriswa naCaroline Stauffer naLisa Shumaker)