Tomato Kurimwa Guide kune Vanotanga:
Chinyorwa chinotevera chinopa ruzivo nezve "Kurimwa kweTomato", "Maitirwo ematomatisi", Tomato kurima unyanzvi.
Madomasi chirimwa chemwaka unodziya, chinoda mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye anotonhorera. Miti haigoni kumira nechando uye hunyoro hwepamusoro. Zvakare, kusimba kwechiedza kunokanganisa pigmentation, muchero ruvara, seti yemichero. Chirimwa chinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka. Zvinoda siyana mamiriro ekunze kumera kwembeu, kukura kwembesa, maruva nemichero, uye kunaka kwezvibereko. Tembiricha iri pasi pe100C uye pamusoro makumi mana0C inokanganisa matishu ezvirimwa nekudaro inonotsa zviitiko zvemuviri. Inokura zvakanaka mukupisa 100C kuti 300C ine tembiricha yakakwana ndeye 21-240C. Tembiricha iri pasi pegumi nematanhatu0C uye pamusoro makumi mana0C haidiwi. Chirimwa chacho hachimirire chando, chinoda kunaya kwemvura yakaderera kusvika pakati, uye inoita zvakanaka pasi peavhareji yetembiricha yepamwedzi ye21 kusvika 23.0C. Dzivisa kushushikana kwemvura uye nguva yakareba yakaoma sezvo ichikonzera kutsemuka kwemichero. Kupenya kwezuva panguva yekugadzirwa kwemichero kunobatsira kugadzira michero yakasviba yemavara matsvuku.
Verenga: Green Leaf Manuring Advantages.
Tomato dzakasiyana:
Mhando dzakavandudzwa:
Arka Saurabh, Arka Vikas, Arka Ahuti, Arka Ashish, Arka Abha , Arka Alok, HS101, HS102, HS110, Hisar Arun, Hisar Lalima, Hisar Lalit, Hisar Anmol, KS.2, Narendra Tomato 1, Narendra Red Tomato 2, Pusa Plum, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Ruby, Co-1, CO 2, CO 3, S-12, Punjab Chhuhara, PKM 1, Pusa Ruby, Paiyur-1, Shakthi, SL 120, Pusa Gaurav, S 12, Pant Bahar, Pant T3, Solan Gola uye Arka Meghali.
F1 mahybrids:
Arka Abhijit, Arka Shresta, Arka Vishal, Arka Vardan, Pusa Hybrid 1, Pusa Hybrid 2, COTH 1 Hybrid Tomato, Rashmi, Vaishali, Rupali, Naveen, Avinash 2, MTH 4, Sadabahar, Gulmohar and Sonali.
Zvinodikanwa zveTembiricha pakurima tomato:
| Sr. Aihwa. |
Nhanho | Kupisa (0C) | ||
| pasipasi | Inokodzera | pamusoro-soro | ||
| 1. | Kumera kwembeu | 11 | 16-29 | 34 |
| 2. | Kukura kwembesa | 18 | 21-24 | 32 |
| 3. | Fruit set (zuva) (husiku) |
10 | 15-17 | 30 |
| 18 | 20-24 | 30 | ||
| 4. | Kuvandudzwa kwemavara matsvuku | 10 | 20-24 | 30 |
Zvinodiwa Muvhu pakurima matomatisi:
Madomasi anoita zvakanaka zvikuru paivhu remamineral akawanda, asi anofarira matinji ejecha akadzika, akanyoroveswa zvakanaka. Ivhu repamusoro rinofanira kunge riine porous nejecha shoma uye ivhu rakanaka muvhu. Ivhu kudzika 15 kusvika 20cm kunoratidza kuti rakanakira goho rine utano. Kurima kwakadzika kunokwanisa kupinza midzi yakakwana muvhu rinorema remhando yevhu, izvo zvinobvumira kugadzirwa mumhando dzevhu idzi.
Tomato chirimwa chine mwero kusvika pahupamhi hwepH. A pH ye5.5- 6.8 inodiwa. Nyangwe tomato zvirimwa zvinozoita zvakanaka muivhu rine acidic rakawanda rine kudya kwakakwana uye kuwanikwa. Tomato rinoshingirira zvine mwero kuacid ivhu rine pH ye5.5. Ivhu rine simba rakakwana rekubata mvura, aeration, risina munyu rinosarudzwa pakurima kwemadomasi.
Verenga: Michina Yekurima uye Zvishandiso Zvekurima.
Ivhu rakakwirira zvakanyanya mukati organic zvinhu hazvikurudzirwe nekuda kwekuwanda kwehunyoro hwe media iyi uye kushomeka kwekudya. Asi, senguva dzose, kuwedzera kwe organic nyaya kumamineral ivhu kuchawedzera goho.
Sarudzo yembeu dzekurima matomatisi:
Mushure mekugadzirwa kwembeu, mbeu dzine chirwere, dzakaputsika dzinoraswa. Mbeu dze kudyara inofanira kunge isina chinhu chisina basa. Kutanga kumera, kushinga, yunifomu muchimiro uye saizi, mbeu inosarudzwa kudyara. Mbeu dzeHybrid kubva kuchizvarwa cheF1 dzakanakira kudyara sezvo dzichipa kutanga uye goho repamusoro yunifomu muchero, inoshingirira kumamiriro ekunze akaipa.
Nguva yekudyara yekurima tomato:
- Madomasi chirimwa chisina kwayakarerekera zuva nezuva zvekuti chakawanikwa chirimwa chero mwaka.
- Kumapani ekuchamhembe kunotorwa zvirimwa zvitatu asi munzvimbo ine chando chakakanganiswa goho rerabi haribereki zvibereko. Chirimwa cheKharif chinosimwa muna Chikunguru, chirimwa cherabi muna Gumiguru - Mbudzi uye chirimwa cheZaid mumwedzi waKukadzi.
- Mumapani ekumaodzanyemba uko pasina njodzi yechando, Kudyarwa kwekutanga kunoitwa muna Zvita-Ndira, Wechipiri Chikumi-Chikunguru Wechitatu munaGunyana-Gumiguru zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzekudiridza dziripo.
Mbeu yeTomato nekudyara:
Tomato rinowanzorimwa nekudyara madzinde pamikoto nemiforo. Panguva yekudyarwa, mbesa dzakaoma nekufumura kunze kwekunze kana nekunyima kudiridza. Mbeu yembeu inosvika 400 kusvika 500g/ha inodiwa.
Mbeu inorapwa neThiram @ 3g/kg yembeu kudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinozvarwa nembeu. Kurapwa kwembeu neB. naphthoxyacetic acid (BNOA) pa25 ne50 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA3) pa5-20 ppm uye chlorophenoxy acetic pa10 uye 20 ppm yakawanikwa ichivandudza kukura negoho rematomatisi.
Mbeu inodyarwa muna Chikumi Chikunguru kwechirimo chando chirimwa uye chechirimo mbeu yechirimo yezhizha inodyarwa muna Mbudzi. Muzvikomo, mbeu inodyarwa muna March April. Nharaunda inokurudzirwa pachirimwa chamatsutso-muchando i75cm x 60cm uye pachirimwa chechirimo 75cm x 45cm.
Verenga: Snakehead Hove Kurima Techniques.
Manuring yekurima tomato:
Isa chivanze chepurazi chakaora zvakanaka mupfudze/manyowa @ 20-25 t/ha panguva ye kugadzirira nyika uye musanganise zvakanaka nevhu. Mushonga wefetereza we75:40:25 kg N:P 2O5:K2O/hekita inogona kupihwa. Hafu yedosi yenitrogen, phosphorus yakazara nehafu yepotashi inogona kuiswa sebasal isati yasimwa. Chikamu chimwe muzvina chenitrogen nehafu yepotashi chinogona kushandiswa mazuva makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu mushure mekudyara. Huwandu hwasara hunogona kushandiswa mwedzi miviri mushure mekudyara.
Kusimwa mbesa dzematomatisi:
- Kusimwa kunoitwa mumibhedha midiki kana muforo isina kudzika zvichienderana nekuwanikwa kwemadiridziro.
- Muvhu rinorema, kazhinji inosimwa pamigero uye panguva yekunaya kwemvura zvakare zvinobatsira kudyara mbesa pamigero.
- Pambeu/mahybrids asingaverengeki, mbesa dzinofanirwa kuroverwa pachishandiswa matanda emushenjere akareba mamita maviri kana kudyarwa pahupamhi hwemasendimita makumi mapfumbamwe uye 90 cm kureba. Mbesa dzinodyarwa mumihoronga dzakapatsanuka 15cm uye chirimwa chinotenderwa kupararira pamupanda wakafara.
Kusiyaniswa kwezvirimwa zvematomatisi:
Nharaunda inokurudzirwa pachirimwa chamatsutso-muchando i75 x 60 cm uye pachirimwa chechirimo 75 x 45 cm.
Kugadzirira Nursery uye Kuchengeta Tomato:
Izvo zvakanakisa seedbed inofanira kuva 60cm yakafara, 5-6cm kureba uye 20-25cm kureba. Mavhinga nemashanga zvinofanira kubviswa pambeu. Wedzera sieved FYM nejecha rakanaka pamubhedha wembeu. Vapei murimi wakanaka. Drenza mubhedha neFytolon/Dithane M-45 @ 2-2.5 g/lit yemvura. Dhirowa mitsetse 10 kusvika 15cm kureba muhurefu hwembeu. Dyara mhodzi dzakapatsanurwa mumitsara, dzvanya zvinyoro nyoro, vhara nejecha rakanaka uye wovhara mubhedha nemashanga. Diridza ne akasimuka anogona. Diridza pamubhedha kaviri pazuva kusvikira mhodzi dzamera. Bvisa sadza kana mhodzi dzamera. Isa zvishoma Thimet pa4-5 mashizha padanho. Mwaya madzinde neMetasystox/Thiodan @ 2-2.5 ml/lit mvura uye Dithane M-45 @ 2-2.5 g/lit mvura.
Kudzora sora pakurimwa kwemadomasi:
- Pamasvondo mana ekutanga panodiwa kusakura kwegetsi izvo zvinokurudzira kukura asiwo kubvisa sora mumunda. Ivhu repamusoro rinosunungurwa nekusakura nemaoko kana rangooma mushure mekudiridza kana kugeza. Masora ose anofanirawo kubviswa mukuita uku.
- Mulching nemashanga, nhema polythene nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakawanikwa zvichibatsira mukuchengetedza mwando, mukudzora sora nezvimwe zvirwere.
Verenga: Zvakanakira zveBiofloc Hove Kurima.
Fetereza inoshandiswa mukurima Tomato:
Sezvo kugadzirwa kwemichero uye kunaka kunoenderana nekuwanikwa kwechikafu uye kuiswa kwefetereza saka fetireza yekuenzanisa inoiswa sezvinodiwa. Iyo nitrogen muhuwandu hwakakwana inowedzera kunaka kwemichero, saizi yemuchero, ruvara, uye kuravira. Iyo inobatsira zvakare mukuwedzera inodiwa acidic flavour. Huwandu hwe potassium hwakakwana hunodiwawo pakukura, goho, uye kunaka. Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) inogona kushandiswa sefotereza yekutanga kupa phosphorus yakakwana panguva yekumera nembeu. Kuwanikwa kweCalcium kwakakosha zvakare kudzora ivhu pH uye kuwanikwa kwechikafu. Ivhu rine jecha rinoda mwero wakakwirira wefetereza, uye kushandiswa kakawanda kweizvi fertilizer nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudyara kwezvinhu zvakakosha michero. Mbesa dzinopfapfaidzwa nestarter solution yemicronutrient. Usati wadyara manyowa epapurazi @ 50 ton pahekita inofanira kuiswa. Kazhinji chirimwa chematomatisi chinoda 120 kg Nitrogen (N), 50 kg Phosphorus (P2O5), uye 50 kg Potash (K2O). Nitrogen inofanira kupiwa muzvidimbu zvakapatsanurwa. Hafu nitrogen uye yakazara P2O5 inopiwa panguva yekusimwa uye nitrogen yakasara inopiwa mushure memazuva makumi matatu nemazuva makumi matanhatu ekusimwa.
Kuongororwa kwevhu nematishu kunofanirwa kutorwa mukati memwaka wekukura nekugadzira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chikafu chakakosha chiri muhuwandu hwazvo uye zviyero. Ongororo yetishu yechirimwa chinovaka muviri icharatidza chimiro chinotevera chekudya:
| Nitrogen | Phosphorus | Potassium | karusiyamu | Magnesium | Sulfur | |
| % | 4.0-5.6 | 0.30-0.60 | 3.0-4.5 | 1.25-3.2 | 0.4-0.65 | 0.65-1.4 |
| ppm | Manganese | simbi | Boron | mhangura | zen'e | |
| 30-400 | 30-300 | 20-60 | 5-15 | 30-90 |
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo, zvakaonekwa kuti kushandiswa kweinorganic fertilizer kunofanira kusanganiswa ne renewable uye mafetireza emuchadenga anoenderana nenharaunda, masara ezvirimwa nemapfudze akasvibira.
