Iceberg lettuce, oakleaf lettuce, romaine, uye mamwe ese lettuce atinodya mazuva ano, anobva kumiti yemusango yakagadziridzwa makore 6000 apfuura muCaucasus kuitira kuti mafuta emiti akohwe kubva kumbeu. Mushure mekunge vaGiriki vekare nevaRoma vakawedzera zvirimwa kuti zvizvishandise semuriwo wemashizha, lettuce yakazogumawo pandiro dzedu nekufamba kwenguva. Iyo yakakosha nhoroondo yelettuce yakatsanangurwa zvakadzama nekuda kwekuongorora kweDNA kwe445 mhando dzelettuce, yakaitwa neWageningen University & Research uye Chinese BGI. Tsvagiridzo yavo ichaburitswa nhasi mune inotenderwa periodical Nature Genetics uye inovhura musuwo wekukurumidza uye unoshanda kubereka kwezvirimwa zvekudya zvinosimba.
Edza kufungidzira muunganidzwa wemhando mazana maviri nemazana mashanu emhando dzelettuce: marudzi angangosvika zana nemazana mashanu akamborimwa nevarimi kune imwe nzvimbo pasirese uye angangoita chiuru chemazana emiti yeretisi yemusango kubva mumigwagwa nenzvimbo dzakachengetwa. Wobva waedza kufungidzira DNA ichiunganidzwa kubva mumarudzi ese aya elettuce uye inoshandiswa kuona kuti lettuce iri mundiro yedu yakatanga sei. Miti yekutanga yemusango yakagadziridzwa kurima makore 2500 apfuura muCaucasus. Aya lettuce ekutanga aingokodzera kukohwa mhodzi kuti abvise mafuta, uye vaGiriki vekare nevaRoma vakawedzera zvirimwa izvi (panguva iyoyo, zvaive zvichine minzwa pamashizha) kuti zvishandiswe semuriwo wemashizha. Uye iyo nyaya yakataurwa neDNA inoenderera mberi, kusvika kune vekuAmerica vaida zvivakwa kubva kumhando dzesango kuti vachinje yakapfava, yakatsetseka butter lettuce kuita yakaoma, puckered iceberg lettuce.
Mhando dzakasiyana dze lettuce pasi rose
Kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza neEurope
The Center for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN), inova Dutch gene bank uye chikamu cheWageningen University & Research (WUR), inotarisira kuunganidzwa uku kwe2500 lettuce marudzi. Uyu ndiwo muunganidzwa mukuru, wakakwana, uye wakanyorwa zvakanakisa pasi rose.
Mukubatana neChinese BGI, kurongeka kweDNA kuri kutemerwa marudzi ese mazana maviri nemazana mashanu, kusanganisira ongororo yemhando dzakasiyana dzemajini uye mutsauko uye kufanana pakati pemhando idzi. Mhedzisiro kubva mumhando 2500 dzekutanga dzelettuce dzakakonzera kuburitswa muNature Genetics nezvekwakabva uye kuberekesa kwechirimwa.
Zvinoita sokuti mashoko akawanda akawanika. Sezvazvinoitika, marudzi emazuva ano e lettuce akarimwa anonyanya kufanana neakatangira emusango Lactuca serriola anobva kuCaucasus uye maretisi ekutanga akarimwa anofanira kunge akarimwa mbeu uye akashandiswa mafuta. Kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwelettuce muEurope yese kuburikidza nehumambo hweRoma, pamwe neshanduko kubva pachirimwa chembeu kuenda pachirimwa chemashizha, inogona zvakare kuvakwa patsva.
Iceberg lettuce maringe ne "chekare" butterhead lettuce
Chidzidzo ichi chakakwanisawo kuona kuti ndepapi ichangoburwa iceberg lettuce yakatsauka kubva "yekare" butterhead lettuce mune genetic zvinhu zvemusango Lactuca virosa, chokwadi chaive chave kufungidzirwa zvichibva pane data remazita emhando idzi dzelettuce.
Ongororo yehukama pakati peruzivo rweDNA uye hunhu hwema lettuce akarimwa anoratidza kuti kusarudzwa kwakasimba kwakaitika kune hunhu hwaidiwa pakugadzirwa uye kudyiwa, "hunhu hwepamba" sekushaikwa kwemusana neminzwa, izvo zvakakonzera kuderedzwa kwakasiyana-siyana mumiti. matunhu eDNA uko kune majini ehunhu uhu. Zvinotaridzawo kuti kutara nzvimbo yemajini akati wandei muDNA inogoneka nekuongorora hukama huripo pakati pekusiyana kweDNA uye hunhu kuburikidza neinonzi Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
Kiyi kune hupfumi hwezvinhu zvemajini zvekuberekesa
Sekureva kwaRob van Treuren naTheo van Hintum, vanyori vaviri veWageningen vebhuku, tsvakiridzo inotaridza zvinoyevedza kuti ingani ruzivo rwunogona kuunganidzwa kubva muruzivo rweDNA muunganidzwa wegenebank. Inoratidzawo kukosha kwekuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye genetic sources kune chekudya chakasimba munguva yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwepasirese.
"Kuona kurongeka kweDNA yezvinhu, mumiunganidzwa yedu uye nezvimwe, kunoita kuti sainzi ikwanise kutsvaga hunhu hwakavigwa kusvika zvino, muzviuru zvemhando uye huwandu hwesango hwelettuce nezvimwe zvirimwa. Mukuita kudaro, takawana kiyi yebhokisi rakakura repfuma. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti kutsvagisa kunoratidza kuti mamwe majini akakosha pakurwisa kusanaya kwemvura kana chimwe chirwere. Ipapo waizokwanisa kutsvaga muDNA data yezviwanikwa zvemajini ane majini anotaridzika zvakafanana uye, uchishandisa izvo zviwanikwa, unokwanisa kupfuya zvirimwa nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kupfuura zvazvaimbobvira. Icho hachisi chinhu chisiri chekuchinja. "
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko,
Wageningen University & Tsvagiridzo
www.avapa.nl