Krasnodar Krai ndeimwe yematunhu matatu anotungamira mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvemiriwo yevhu rakachengetedzwa. Nekudaro, chikamu chechikamu chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mukugadzira greenhouse chinoramba chakakwira. Kukwira kwemutengo wezvinhu zvakasvibirira, zvigadziriso zvemidziyo uye zvigadzirwa, zvine chekuita nekumanikidzwa kwezvirango kuRussia, zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwemutengo wemiriwo uye kuderera kwekuremerwa kwebhizinesi revarimi veKuban. Vatori vemusika vanopokana kuti agribusiness inoda rutsigiro rwenyika kuchengetedza maitiro ekushanda.
Kukura kwemavhoriyamu uye matekinoroji
Kukohwa kwakakura kwemiriwo yenzvimbo yakavharwa yemasangano ekurima eKrasnodar Territory, iyo isingabatanidzi nemabhizimisi maduku, munaJanuary-October 2022 yakasvika 88.6 zviuru zvetani. Izvi zvinoda kusvika zviuru zvitatu zvematani kupfuura panguva imwechete gore rapfuura. Izvi zvakashumwa kuna Kommersant-Kuban muKrasnodarstat.
Zvinoenderana nedunhu reBazi rezvekurima neKugadziridza Indasitiri, Kuban ndeimwe yematunhu matatu anotungamira mukuunganidzwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse pamwe nematunhu eMoscow neLipetsk. MuKrasnodar Territory, kugadzirwa kwemiti yemiti yevhu rakachengetedzwa inodarika 16 kg pamunhu wese pachiyero che12 kg. Chirongwa chekugadzira muna 2022 i112 zviuru matani.
"Kugadzikana kwehuwandu hwekugadzira kunowanikwa nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yegreenhouse uye kuwedzera kwekubuda pachikamu chenzvimbo yakashandiswa, iyo inowanikwa nekuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva hwekurima miriwo muvhu rakachengetedzwa, pamwe nekushandiswa kwemhando dzinopa goho rakakura. . Mumakore anotevera, maererano nekufanotaura kwenyanzvi dzemaindasitiri, kugadzirwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse muKuban inogona kukura kusvika 130-140 zviuru matani. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekumutsiridzwa kwekuita kwekudyara kwakanangana nekuita mapurojekiti ekuvaka epamusoro-tech greenhouse complexes, "Fedor Dereka, Gurukota rezvekurima neKugadziridza Indasitiri yeKrasnodar Territory, anoudza Kommersant-Kuban.
Mumakore anotevera, maererano nekufanotaura kwenyanzvi dzemaindasitiri, kugadzirwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse muKuban inogona kukura kusvika 130-140 zviuru matani.
Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima redunhu, 11 maindasitiri epamusoro-tekinoroji greenhouse complexes ane nzvimbo yakazara yeanopfuura 240 mahekita ari kushanda muKuban. Ivo vanoverengera 96% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwegreenhouse miriwo mudunhu. Vatungamiriri mukugadzirwa kwemiti yakachengetedzwa pasi ndeyeDinskoy, Belorechensky, Timashevsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Seversky districts uye Krasnodar. "Iko ndiko uko mahombe egreenhouse complexes edunhu ane tekinoroji yemhando yepamusoro yekugadzira akaiswa. Pamichina yakawanda yetekinoroji inobvumidza iwe kuwana anopfuura makumi manomwe makirogiramu emiriwo paskweya mita, "basa renhau rebazi rinoshuma.
Saka, imwe yenzvimbo dzakakura dzegreenhouse muRussia "Green Line", inowanikwa neketani yekutengesa "Magnet", iri munzvimbo dzeDinsky neTikhoretsky dzeKrasnodar Territory. "Gore rino tinotarisira kuwana goho rakawanda nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekugadzira - matani angangoita zviuru makumi mashanu nesere emagaka nemadomasi emhando dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira cherry nematomatisi, izvo zvatinonyanya kukoshesa nekuda kwekukurumbira kwezvinzvimbo," akadaro. kambani yekudhinda service inoti.
Miriwo yeGreenhouse mumakore makumi maviri chete yakatendeuka kubva kune isingawanzo kudyiwa mumwaka zvigadzirwa kuita chikamu chemazuva ese chekudya kwevaRussia. "Kubudirira kwekukura kwemiriwo yegreenhouse muRussia kwakatanga mushure mekutanga kwekudya kwekudya muna 20. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, matani anenge mamiriyoni emiriwo aitengeswa gore negore kubva kuTurkey, Iran nedzimwe nyika," anodaro Yulia Tulupnikova, mudzidzisi mukuru pa. Dhipatimendi reEconomic Theory uye World Economy paSynergy University.
Kutarisa kwose kune magaka
Maitiro emakore achangopfuura anga ari kuwedzera kweiyo runyorwa rwezvirimwa zvemuriwo zvakarimwa muvhu rakachengetedzwa, iyo press service yedunhu reMinistry of Agriculture manotsi. Kana pakutanga yaive matomatisi nemagaka, nhasi iri mhiripiri, eggplant, salads, greens. Chikamu chemuriwo wegreenhouse chakarimwa chakachinjawo.
“Kana makore mashanu adarika magaka aisvika pachikamu che70% chezvakagadzirwa, nhasi nhamba iyi yave 50%. Mari yasara inowira pamadomasi - 48%, zvirimwa zvakasvibira, nemhiripiri - 2%. Nyanzvi dzinoti kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemadomasi kune shanduko yechimiro chekudiwa kwezvirimwa zvemuriwo zvevhu rakavharwa. Kunyanya, kudiwa kwemadomasi emumba kwawedzera, kunyanya madomasi echerry,” bazi rezvekuburitswa kwemashoko rebazi iri rinoti.
Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wesangano re "Greenhouses of Russia" Andrey Medvedev anoti panguva ino kune kuwandisa kwemusika nemagaka. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti cucumber ndiyo inokurumidza kukura uye inokurumidza kudzoreredzwa chigadzirwa. “Pamusoro pezvo, vanenge varimi vese vanorima mhando imwe yemagaka. Iwe hausi kuzoona mamwe marudzi akasarudzika ezvigadzirwa chero kupi zvako, "VaMedvedev vanoshuma. Vanoenderera mberi vachiti hakusati kwaitwa matomatisi mudunhu iri sezvo akareba, akaoma uye anodhura kurima.
“Mhiripiri, maeggplant nemimwe muriwo hazvitariswe zvachose. Vemabhizinesi havadi kunonotsa mubhizimusi ravo kubhadhara zvikwereti zvenguva refu izvo zvinodiwa pakurimwa kwembesa idzi. Zvose izvi zvinoda kukurudzirwa, kukurudzirwa kubva kuhurumende, uye panguva ino hapana, "anodaro Andrey Medvedev.
Natalia Davydenko, Musoro weDhipatimendi reKukura kweChirimwa neMushroom kuInteragro, akataura kuti 70% yepepper inotapira inodyiwa nevanhu vekuRussia inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuIV Agricultural Forum "Fruits and Vegetables of Russia - 2022", yakaitirwa muSochi pakupera kwaGumiguru. . Chaizvoizvo, pepper inotapira inounzwa, maererano naye, kubva kuIsrael, Turkey neChina. Amai Davydenko vane chokwadi chekuti zvinokwanisika kutsiva kutengwa kwechirimwa ichi nekugadzirwa kwayo, asi pane izvi zvakakosha kugadzirisa akati wandei mabasa.
“Mhiripiri inorimwa panzvimbo yakavhurika uye yakavharwa, uye goho racho rinosiyana zvakanyanya. KuRussia, kurimwa kweitapira pepire tsika mumagreenhouses kunonyanya kukodzera. Nekudaro, kugadzirwa kunomanikidzwa neagrotechnical (mutengo wakakwira wevashandi uye goho rakaderera mukugadzirwa kwegreenhouse; kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji yemichina yekurima, michina yekukohwa makushe uye mitsara yekugadzira uye kurongedza) uye zvemagariro nehupfumi zvinhu (kushomeka kwetsika yekugara uchishandiswa. uye mutengo wakakwirira zvichienzaniswa nemimwe miriwo),” vakadaro Mai Davydenko.
Zvirango zvakarova miganho
Pasi pemamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwezvirango kuRussia, vagadziri vakatarisana nekukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu zvekugadzira, kukosha kwekutsvaga vatengesi vatsva uye imwe nzira kune zvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa zviri kusiya musika weRussia, pamwe nekudikanwa kwekuchinja mazuva ekutumira, Yulia Tulupnikova anoti. “Mabhizimisi madiki nemapurazi ndiwo ane nguva yakaoma zvikuru,” anodaro.
Zvinetso zvinomuka zvakanyanya nekuda kwechikamu chepamusoro chechikamu chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mukugadzirwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse. Saka, maererano naAndrey Medvedev, inenge 80% yembeu, 60% yemiti yekudzivirira yemiti, 70% yebumblebees yekusvibisa ndeyekune dzimwe nyika. Zvikamu zvemidziyo inoshandiswa mukugadzira zvirimwa, kunyanya kuisa gasi-piston yekugadzira simba remagetsi, midziyo yekudzora mamiriro ekunze, kuronga uye kurongedza midziyo, zvave kudhura uye zvakaoma kuwana.
Izvi zvakafanana zvinonzi mubasa rekudhinda rekutengesa retail "Magnet". “Gore rino takaita dambudziko rekutengwa kwembeu, fetereza, biosecurity yezvirimwa, maspare parts. Tinozvigadzirisa nekugadzira nekuwedzera kushandira pamwe nevashambadziri vepamba, pamwe nekuvaka dzimwe nzira dzekugovera, "kambani inodaro.
Kuwedzera kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, zvekufambisa zvakawedzera zvakanyanya mutengo wevarimi, izvo zvakakanganisa mutengo wekugadzira.
“Zvichakadaro, nekuda kwegoho rakanaka, kukwira kwemitengo yemuriwo kunenge kusingaonekwe. Ngatitii madomasi anodhura zvakaenzana nhasi segore rapfuura, "Yulia Tulupnikova anotsinhira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo marginality yekugadzirwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse yakadzikira zvakanyanya muna 2022.
Miriwo inoda kutsigirwa
Kugadzirwa kwegreenhouse miriwo muRussia kuri kuramba kuchikura. “Kana zvinhu zvakanaka zvikaramba zvichienderera mberi, panozopera gore ra2022 goho richange rave matani miriyoni nechidimbu, inova 1.5% kudarika muna 7, uye izvi zvichavandudza rekodhi yegore rapfuura. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekugadzira kunowanikwa zvose nekuda kwekuiswa kwenzvimbo itsva, uye nekuda kwekuwedzera kwezvibereko, "Yulia Tulupnikova anofanotaura. Anowedzera kuti muKrasnodar Territory, kugadzirwa kwemiriwo kwakawedzera nechetatu mumakore mashanu apfuura.
Kune ese mamiriro ekukura greenhouse miriwo muKuban, anodaro Maria Zakatova, muongorori pakambani yekutsvagisa NTech. “Uyu mamiriro ekunze akanaka uye ivhu rakaorera. Pamusoro pezvo, kune rubatsiro runobva kuhurumende rwekudzosera mari yekuvaka magreenhouse ekurima muriwo wevhu rakachengetedzwa, izvo zvinobhadhara chikamu che25% chemutengo wekuvaka,” vanodaro Muzvare Zakatova.
Kuti uwedzere kusimudzira indasitiri, maererano nenyanzvi, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa magreenhouse complexes edunhu, kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekudziya kwakanyanya, pamwe nerutsigiro rwemapurazi madiki uye epakati nepakati.
“Kune zvikwereti zvema subsidized, kune mainstallments, panotove muripo wechikamu chemari yemagetsi kana uchishandisa maartificial lighting mumagreenhouse. Kune akawanda matanho, asi haana kunangana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa, "anodaro Andrey Medvedev. Anojekesa kuti varimi nhasi havana mari yekukwereta yakakwana yekutsigira mabasa ekushanda. "Zvakakosha kukurudzira kwete chete kuvakwa kwegreenhouses, sezvazviri kuitwa nhasi, asiwo nzira yekurima yakawanda yemiriwo. Rutsigiro rwehurumende harusarudzi. Izvo hazvikurudziri kurimwa kwemamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa, izvo zvisina kukwana munyika, "anosimbisa Mr. Medvedev.
Nenzira, sangano re "Greenhouses of Russia" muna March rakakumbira Mutungamiriri weRussian Federation Mikhail Mishustin nechikumbiro chehuwandu hunodiwa, mumaonero evarimi, matanho ekutsigirwa kwenyika. Kunyanya, uku ndiko kuwedzera kwemuganho wekuda kukweretesa kwenguva pfupi kune 1.5 bhiriyoni rubles, kuwedzera kwemubhadharo kune zvikwereti masangano ekuda kwenguva pfupi uye zvikwereti zvekudyara kusvika ku100% yechiyero chakakosha cheCentral Bank yeRussia. Federation; kugadzwa kwezororo rechikwereti kwenguva yegore rekubhadhara zvikwereti zvekudyara uchichengetedza mitengo yakasarudzika, muripo wechikamu chemutengo wekutenga zvigadzirwa, mabasa nemasevhisi, uchifunga nezve chikamu chemari, nezvimwe.
Basa revatori venhau reMagnit retail chain rinowedzera kuti kubudirira kugadzirwa kwegreenhouse miriwo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kunoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzakadai sekupfuya nekugadzirwa kwembeu, pamwe nekushanda nesimba nemayunivhesiti ezvekurima maererano nekubatanidza ruzivo rwesainzi mune zvinoshanda. mabasa.
Pamusoro pezvo, kambani inocherekedza kushomeka kwevarimi vemiriwo. “Mugumisiro webasa remagreenhouse complexes zvinonyanya kuenderana nemhando nekubudirira kwevashandi ava. Kuti avhare gaka munyanzvi idzi, Magnit inoshandisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekukurudzira kuchengetedza vashandi vakadaro, inoumba nzvimbo yekuchengetedza vashandi kune nyanzvi nemaneja, inovandudza mamiriro ekushanda, inogara ichiita ongororo yekugutsikana kwevashandi, inokwezva vadzidzi veKubGAU. Semuyenzaniso, makwikwi anoitwa neyunivhesiti kutsvakiridzo inonakidza uye inoshanda yekugadzira nekubhadharwa kwezvikurudziro uye mabhezari emunhu kubva kuzvitoro zvekutengesa, "kambani inodaro. Nekudaro, dambudziko, sekureva kwenyanzvi, rinoramba rakarongeka kune indasitiri uye rinoda kutariswa nehurumende.
Margarita Sinkevich
Kunobva: https://www.kommersant.ru