#GreenhouseFarming #VegetableProduction #FungalDiseases #DiseaseManagement #CropProtection #IntegratedPestManagement #AgriculturalTechnology #HumidityControl
Sezvo tembiricha ichichinja uye hunyoro huchikwira muchirimo, varimi vemiriwo yegreenhouse vanotarisana nenjodzi yakawedzera yezvirwere zvefungal senge powdery mildew uye downy mildew. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa ruzivo rwekuziva nekudzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiwana hwakadai sehupfu mupepuru, sitiroberi, manhanga, madomasi, uye downy mildew mumagaka, lettuce, uye makabheji. Matanho anoshanda ekugadzirisa nharaunda dzegreenhouse uye kuita matanho ekudzivirira anokurukurwa kudzikisira kukanganisa kwezvirwere izvi pagoho nemhando.
Zvirwere zvefungal zvinokonzeresa kutyisidzira kukuru mukugadzirwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse, kunyanya panguva yekushanduka kwekushisa uye hunyoro hwepamusoro. Pakati pezvinonyanya kunetsa i powdery mildew uye downy mildew, izvo zvinogona kuparadza zvirimwa kana zvikasagadziriswa.
Powdery Mildew: Ichi chirwere chefungal chinokanganisa huwandu hwemiriwo, kusanganisira mhiripiri, sitiroberi, manhanga, uye matomatisi. Inoratidzwa nekukura kwemavara machena, ehupfu pamashizha, madzinde, michero, uye maruva, powdery mildew inokura munzvimbo inodziya, ine mwando uye isina kutenderera kwemhepo. Kuonekwa kwekutanga kwakakosha kudzivirira kupararira kwayo, sezvo matishu ane hutachiona anopedzisira aora, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwegoho.
Downy Mildew: Magaka, lettuce, uye makabheji zvinotapukirwa nevhu, zvichiratidza semavara eyero asina kujairika pamashizha. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichienderera mberi, chiumbwa chisina kujeka, chichena chinoumba pasi pemashizha, kushanduka kusvava uye kukonzera kufa kwenyama. Kusiyana ne powdery mildew, downy mildew inokura munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakanyorova, zvichiita kuti kubuda kwechirimo kunowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa.
Kudzivirira fungal zvirwere kunoda proactive manejimendi maitiro:
Humidity Kudzora: Kuchengeta yakaringana humidity mazinga mukati megreenhouses kwakakosha mukuderedza fungal kukura. Ventilation masisitimu uye mafeni anogona kubatsira kuvandudza kutenderera kwemhepo, kuderedza hunyoro kuvaka uye njodzi yechirwere.
Kugara Kwekutarisa: Kuita ongororo yenguva dzose kunogonesa kuonekwa kwekutanga kwehutachiona hwefungal. Kukurumidza kubviswa kwemiti ine hutachiona uye kushandiswa kwefungicides kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere mukati megreenhouse.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Kushandisa nzira dzeIPM, dzakadai sekushandisa fungicides dzakanyoreswa uye kudzora zvipenyu, kunopa nzira yakazara yekutonga kwechirwere ichideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Hee-Kyung Lee, muongorori paAgricultural Technology Institute, anosimbisa kukosha kwekungwarira kwekutarisa uye matanho ekudzivirira panguva dzekuchinja kukuru kwekushisa. Vanoyambira varimi vegreenhouse kuti vakoshese kuchengetedzwa kwemwando uye kudzora zvirwere zvine hunyanzvi vachishandisa mishonga yakanyoreswa kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvavo kubva kuzvirwere zvefungal.
Proactive manejimendi maitiro uye kupindira panguva yakakodzera kwakakosha kudzikamisa kukanganisa kwezvirwere zvefungal pakugadzirwa kwemuriwo wegreenhouse. Nekutora nzira yakazara yekudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirwere, varimi vanokwanisa kuchengetedza mbesa dzavo nekuwedzera goho kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.