Kurima kwakatwasuka kuri kupararira muEurope yose uye tsvakiridzo iri kuitwa mumhando dzese dzezvirimwa zvitsva. Asi pachine matambudziko anofanira kukundwa.
Zvivako zvehofisi zvisina chinhu, umo zvirimwa zvinogona kukura zvakaturikidzana pamusoro pechimwe, zvakaturikidzana mushure memutsetse. Kana mumudziyo uri munharaunda yako, kurima kwakatwasuka kunopa mikana yakawanda. Unogona kurima zvirimwa chero kwaunoda. Haudi minda pazviri. Kurimwa kwacho kunogara, kunoshanda uye kunodzorwa zvizere. Iwe haudi chero mishonga yezvipembenene, hapana zvinovaka muviri zvinobuda uye kushandiswa kwemvura kunongova pakati pe2 ne 4 malita pakirogiramu yemiriwo. Pachine dambudziko guru: kushandiswa kwesimba. Tichiri kushanda nesimba pane izvozvo.
Kurima kwakatwasuka kuri kuwedzera muEurope yese. Inonyanya kukodzera kurima zvirimwa munzvimbo dzemumaguta umo nzvimbo iri pamutengo mukuru. Inogona kutovimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya munyika dzisina kujairana nekurima kwakajairika. Asi kunyangwe zvirimwa zvekutanga zvatove kutengeswa mune dzimwe nyika, zvichave makore akati wandei zvisati zvasvika zvigadzirwa kubva kumapurazi akatwasuka kusvika kumasherufu esupermarket.
Kuchinja kudya uye kuwedzera kudiwa
Pamwe chete nenyama yakasimwa, kurima kwakamira kunowanzo kuratidzwa semhinduro yakakosha yekurwisa matambudziko ezvekudya mune ramangwana. Asi nei tichida mapurazi akatwasuka zvakadaro? Sei tisingarambe tichizviita nenzira yechinyakare, sezvatave tichiita kwemakore 10,000 XNUMX apfuura?
Kudiwa kwezvokudya kuri kuwedzera gore negore. Maererano neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, nhamba yevanhu pasi rose ichawedzera kusvika pamabhiriyoni 9.7 muna 2050. Vanhu vose ava vanoda zvokudya. Asi kurima zvirimwa nenzira yechinyakare kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kukura kuri kushanduka, zvekuti hauchakwanisa kurima zvimwe zvirimwa kwawaimbokwanisa. Mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa uye madutu makuru anoparadza zvirimwa zvakawanda gore negore. Uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo ivhu harina zvinovaka muviri kupfuura zvaraimboita.
Pamwe chete nokufanira kuzadzisa chinodikanwa chenguva yemberi chezvokudya zvitsva, madyiro edu akasiyanawo zvikuru nezana ramakore rapfuura. “Hatichadya mwaka nemwaka. Munguva yechando tinodya masaradhi nemabheri atinopinza munyika,” anodaro CEO Anders Riemann weNordic Harvest, purazi guru reEuropean hydroponic.
Varimi vari mupurazi rakatwasuka vanopfeka zvipfeko zvinodzivirira kudzivirira utachiona husingadiwi kupinda mupurazi. Nenzira iyi vanogona kudzivisa kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene.
Kukohwa kwezhizha kubva kuArctic
Mapurazi akatwasuka anogona kuvakwa chero kupi zvako. Zvinoreva kuti hauchafaniri kuunza kiwis kubva kuNew Zealand, asi kuti unogona kurima mupurazi rakadaro munharaunda yako. Izvi zvinochengetedza huwandu hukuru hwe CO2 inoburitswa.
Sei kushanda?
“Kwandiri, kutonga kwakakwana ndiko kwakanakira kurima kwakatwasuka. Tinogona kunyatso kukwenenzvera uye kuziva chaizvo kuti yakawanda sei yatinoda kukura uye yemhando ipi, "anodaro Leo Marcelis, purofesa weHorticulture uye Chigadzirwa Physiology paWageningen University & Research.
Kubva pakupihwa kwemvura kusvika kuchiedza chemasikati, tembiricha, uye kuwana zvicherwa nemabhakitiriya. Kurima kwakatwasuka kunoitwa pasi pemamiriro akadzora zvakanyanya. Zvirimwa zvinorimwa mumba, nemwenje we LED pachinzvimbo chezuva. Magirobhu e LED madiki, akasimba, anodhura, uye haabudise chero kupisa. Sezvo zuva rinonyura pakupera kwezuva, zviedza izvi zvinogona kupenya kwenguva yakareba sezvainoda.
Murimi anogona kushandisa mutinhimira wechirimwa siku nesikati kuti goho riwedzere. Masikati, zvinomera zvinoumba starch mumashizha, iyo inoputsika kuita shuga uye inotakurwa kune imwe nzvimbo yechirimwa usiku. Zvimwe zvinomera zvinoda maawa anopfuura gumi nemaviri echiedza pazuva kuti zvikure, zvimwe zvinoda zvishoma. Vertical farming inobvumira chero rudzi rwechirimwa kuwana huwandu hwemasikati hunoda kuti ukure panguva yayo.
Kukura nemavara akasiyana echiedza
Mavara ezviedza izvi anonyanya kukosha kuti uwedzere goho rekukura. Vatsvakurudzi vakanyanya kutarisa pamusoro pekuita kwechiedza chitsvuku, chebhuruu uye chegirini pakukura kwezvirimwa. Chiedza chitsvuku chinoshanda zvakanyanya paphotosynthesis, asi zvirimwa zvinodawo mwenje webhuruu, uyo unonyanya kubatsira pakugadzira chlorophyll. Kwenguva yakati, vatsvakurudzi vakatsvaga kuderedza kushandiswa kwechiedza chegirini, vachifunga kuti hachina kuita kuti photosynthesis.
Zvisinei, chidzidzo che2016 kubva kuUtah State University chinoratidza kuti chiedza chegirini chinogona kutyaira photosynthesis kudzikisa mashizha zvakanyanya kupfuura mwenje mutsvuku kana webhuruu. Murimi anogona kushandisa mavara akasiyana-siyana kusimbisa maitiro akasiyana. Nemusanganiswa wakakodzera, murimi anogona kurima zvirimwa zvine kudya kunovaka muviri kudarika kurima kwamazuva ose. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira sezvo zvirimwa zvakawanda zvave kushomeka mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Imwe musanganiswa inogona kushandiswa kuwedzera mwero wekukura kuitira kuti zvimwe zvekudya zvigone kugadzirwa panguva imwe chete. Kubva pakuona kwehupfumi, izvo zvinogona kudiwa, sezvo kurima kwakamira kunoramba kuchidhura.
Asi pane zvimwe zvikonzero nei nzira iyi yakakurumbira. Kurima kwakatwasuka hakudi mishonga yezvipembenene. Varimi vanogona kurima chaizvo huwandu hwezvirimwa zvavanoda, mukati menguva yakatarwa uye yemhando yakasarudzwa ivo pachavo. Mamiriro ekunze kana mwaka haachakanganisa kugadzirwa. Kudya kwakawanda kunogona kurimwa panzvimbo diki.
Kurima kusina minda
Kurima kwakamira nhasi kunouya nenzira mbiri: hydroponic uye aeroponic. Sekureva kwaLeo Marcelis, matekiniki ese ari maviri akanakisa dzimwe nzira. Mune hydroponics, zvirimwa zvinokura pamasherufu nemidzi yazvo mumvura izere nekudya pane ivhu. Inoonekwa seyakareruka pane maviri makuru masisitimu.
Nordic Harvest ine purazi rekuyedza padyo neCopenhagen kwainorima marudzi akasiyana emasaladhi, kare uye sipinachi. Iyo purazi yakakomberedzwa nemamwe maindasitiri makuru. Chivako chakakura senhandare yenhabvu. Muna 2023, kambani inoda kuwedzera nepurazi muOslo, ichiteverwa nemapurazi muScandinavia neFinland.
Sekureva kwaRiemann, kugadzirwa kweNordic Harvest kwave kutooneka: “Tinogadzira matani 1000 emuriwo pagore. Musika weDanish une matani anosvika zviuru makumi maviri pagore. matani 20,000 6,000 anorimwa zvakajairika uye mamwe anotengwa kunze kwenyika.” Muriwo mashizha ane mashizha. Sezvo kurima kwakamira kunowedzera, kuchaita chikamu chikuru chekugadzirwa kwechikafu. Mamwe makambani ari kurima zvirimwa mumapurazi akatwasuka anoti Jones Food Company muGreat Britain, Hydropousse kuFrance neRobbes Lilla Trädgård kuFinland.
Zvirimwa zvinorimwa nemhepo zvine midzi mumhepo. India Langley, anoongorora masisitimu ezvekudya uye PR inotungamira kune mupi wekurima tekinoroji LettUs Grow, anotsanangura kuti zvinoshanda sei. “Une nhevedzano yemazipfumbu ane maburi madiki-diki ayo aunoita atomize mushonga wekudya. Mhinduro iyoyo inoshandiswa kumidzi yezvirimwa zvinorembera zvakasununguka. "
Aeroponics yakagadzirwa muma1990 apo NASA yaitsvaga nzira dzekurima zvirimwa mudenga. Maererano neU.S. National Center for Appropriate Technology, aeroponics “ndiyo nzira inobudirira zvikuru yokuberekesa zvirimwa mumapurazi akatwasuka.”
Mune aeroponic system, midzi ine nyore kuwana oksijeni. Kukura kwechirimwa kunosvika zvakapetwa kaviri kune hydroponic system, uko chirimwa chinotora oxygen yakanyungudika mumvura. Iyo haisati yashandiswa zvakanyanya se hydroponics, nekuda kwekuoma kwayo. Manozzles anoshandiswa mukugadzira anogona kuvhara kana kutsemuka nyore. Asi LettUs Kura yawana mhinduro kudambudziko.
“Takabvisa zvachose masprinkler. Iyo mhute inogadzirwa panzvimbo yakati sandara, saka hapana chekuvharisa kana kutyora. Tinotenda kuti mhinduro iri nyore iyi ichatitendera kutora aeroponics kusvika pamwero wakakura,” anodaro Langley.
LettUs Kura inogadzira masisitimu anokura anokodzera mumudziyo wekutakura. Midziyo iyi inofamba uye inogona kuiswa chero paine nzvimbo.
Kurima hove nezvirimwa pamwechete
Kunyangwe hydroponics uye aeroponics ari maviri akakosha matekiniki mukurima wakatwasuka, haasi iwo ega. Mamwe maitiro anoshandiswawo. MuEurope, makambani akati wandei anoshandisa nzira yekuberekesa aquaponic. Zvakafanana ne hydroponics, aquaponic zvinomera zvinokura nemidzi yavo mumvura. Midzi iyoyo chete inoturikwa mutangi umo hove dzinotuhwinawo. Idzi hove dzinogadzira marara anovaka muviri izvo zvinomera zvinogona kushandisa zvakare.
Miti yacho inotora zvokudya uye nokudaro inochenesawo mvura yehove. Sekureva kwaMarcelis, aquaponics inongogadzira chikamu chidiki chemusika wekurima wakamira mune ramangwana. “Chikuru ndechekuti unoshandisa tsvina yehove sechikafu chezvirimwa. Asi chenjera uye ita shuwa kuti unochengeta chirimwa system iri yakakwana, ”anodaro nezvehunyanzvi.
Mhando itsva dzemiriwo
Ose ari maviri Nordic Harvest uye LettUs Kura akatanga kuyedza nekukura mashizha mashizha asati achinja kune herbs uye microgreens. Zvadaro tevera matomatisi nemastrawberries. Sekureva kwaLangley, mapurazi akawanda akamira anotevera matanho akafanana ebudiriro. Nezvikonzero zvakanaka. Iwo akapfava, mbesa dzemhando yepamusoro dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye dzinogona kubhadhara mari yekugadzira. Dzinokurawo nekukurumidza uye idiki mukukura zvichireva kuti zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinogona kurimwa panguva imwe chete.
Sezvo kugadzirwa kunowedzera, zvinokwanisika kurima mbesa dzakasiyana siyana. Marcelis anofunga kuti mumakore mashoma tinogona kutenga mhando itsva dzakanyatsogadzirwa kuti dzirimwe dzakatwasuka. Asi kugadzira mabikirwo echirimwa matsva hakusi kunetsa. Zvinotora makore 5-10 kukura rudzi rutsva rwechirimwa chinokodzera nzira iyi yekurima.
Chirimwa chakanaka chidiki chine midzi mipfupi, chinokura nekukurumidza, chiri nyore kukohwa uye chine goho guru. Pamusoro pehunhu hwekukura, iyo 'chirimwa resipi' inofanirawo kunyatsonyorwa. “Dambudziko guru nderekuchengeta chinyorwa chega chega chinobata chirimwa. Unoda kudya kunovaka muviri uye unofanirwa kuona kuti chirimwa chinoramba chichiwana kudya kunovaka muviri panguva yekukura,” anodaro Riemann.
Zvakati kudhura
Asi kunyangwe chirimwa chipi nechipi chichikwanisa kurimwa chakatwasuka, izvi hazviitike mune ramangwana rinoonekwa. Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvakaita segorosi nechibage zvinokwanisa kurimwa zvakachipa pachishandiswa nzira dzenguva dzose. “Ini ndinofunga kuti kurima kwakadzama kwakakodzera pachirimwa chitsva. Nehunyanzvi, tinogona kurima chero chirimwa, kusanganisira gorosi. Asi kurima kwakatwasuka kunodhurawo. Ini ndinofunga kukura iyo rudzi rwechigadzirwa chakawanda chine kukosha kwakaderera hakusi kwechokwadi panguva ino. Kunyange iye zvino mitengo yegorosi iri kukwira nekuda kwehondo muUkraine,” anodaro Marcelis.
Zvakadaro, munzvimbo dzakaita seSingapore nenyika dzakaita seUnited Arab Emirates, uko inenge 90 muzana yezvokudya zvose zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kurima zvinhu zvakaderera zvikuru nenzira iyi kunogona kubhadhara. MuEurope, kune rumwe rutivi, kukura gorosi vertically kunogona kuva sarudzo munguva refu, asi kwete mumakore mashanu anotevera.
Simba rakawanda rekushandisa
Kunyange zvazvo ramangwana richitaridzika rakajeka pakurima kwakatwasuka, pane dambudziko rimwe guru. Inoda simba rakawanda uye naizvozvo inodhura zvikuru. Kunyatsoshandiswa kwesimba kunosiyana kubva papurazi nepurazi, kubva kune system kuenda kune system uye zvinoenderana nenzvimbo, mwaka uye chirimwa. Somuenzaniso, imwe kambani muGreece inoshandisa 2.87 kWh yesimba munguva yechando kuti ibudise kilogram imwe ye lettuce, asi 1.73 kWh chete muzhizha. IFinnish iFarm yakaverenga kuti kukura lettuce yavo kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kunodhura 90 kWh pa m62.26. Kune mastrawberries, iyo i2 kWh pa m117.10.
Iyo yekuwedzera simba rekushandisa kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa nzira iri pakati pe14 ne251 muzana, zvichienderana nekuti greenhouse nepurazi rakamira riri papi.
Wageningen University & Research uye Delft University of Technology vakaita chidzidzo umo vakaenzanisa greenhouses nemapurazi akatwasuka, anonzi muchidzidzo mafekitori ezvirimwa. Izvi zvine chekuita negreenhouses uye mapurazi akatwasuka ari muNetherlands, United Arab Emirates neSweden zvakateerana. Kunyika yekupedzisira, magreenhouses ane uye asina chiedza chekugadzira akabatanidzwa mukuenzanisa.
"Kugadzirwa kwekirogiramu imwe yeretisi yakaoma inoda kupinza 247 kWhe mufekitari yezvirimwa, zvichienzaniswa ne70, 111, 182 uye 211 kWhe mumagreenhouses kuNetherlands, United Arab Emirates neSweden zvakateerana (pamwe uye pasina mamwe ekuwedzera. lighting),” anodaro masayendisiti muchidzidzo ichi.
Mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, mutsauko wekushandiswa kwesimba pakati penzira mbiri dzinokura unodzikira. Mapurazi akatsiga anogona kunge ari sarudzo ine simba zvakanyanya mune mamwe mamiriro ekunze akanyanya. Asi kunyangwe muArctic kuchamhembe kweSweden uye munzvimbo dzerenje reUAE, greenhouses inogona kunge ichiri iyo inodhura-inoshanda nzira yekukura.
Optimize
Mapurazi akatsiga anogona kukunda dambudziko rekushandiswa kwemagetsi zvakanyanya kusvika pamwero wakati nekugadzirisa kugadzirwa. Nekunyatso gadzirisa mwenje we LED uye ruvara, unogona kukanganisa zvese zviri zviviri nguva yekukura uye mhando yechirimwa. Mari yekugadzira purazi inogonawo kudzikiswa sezvo purazi rinowedzera kuita otomatiki. Marobhoti anoshanda 24/7 kuti aise zvinovaka muviri panguva yakakodzera, kutarisa kukura kwegoho uye kukohwa kana chirimwa chakura chinogona kuve mari yekutanga inodhura.
Asi nekufamba kwenguva, marobhoti anogadzirisa iyo mari kuburikidza nebasa ravo rinoenderera. Zvisinei nekudiwa kukuru kwesimba uye zvirimwa zvishoma zvakachipa zvekurimisa, kurima kwakatwasuka kuri kuita mukurumbira. Kunyangwe zvichatora chinguva usati wawanawo mastrawberries ako kubva mumudziyo wekurima munharaunda yako.
Kunobva: https://innovationorigins.com