MuRussia, kugadzirwa kwegreenhouse miriwo mumwedzi mipfumbamwe kwakawedzera ne6.8%.
Indasitiri yegreenhouse muRussia yanga ichikura kubva muna 2014, pazvakava pachena kuti nyika yaizofanira kurarama pasi pekumanikidzwa kwezvirango. Chakatanga idanho rakatambirwa rekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika kune zvakawanda, rakagadzirirwa chirongwa chemakore mashanu chekusimudzira chikamu chezvekurima. Muriwo waimera pavhu rakavharika zvaisaitawo. Kwemakore masere apfuura, magreenhouses emazuva ano akaonekwa munyika, uye makaunta akazadzwa nemhando yepamusoro uye ine hushamwari magaka nemadomasi ekugadzirwa kwepamba.
Iyo yekutanga kukurudzira kwekukurumidza kukuru kweiyo greenhouse indasitiri yaive yakakura-mwero tsigiro yehurumende yevagadziri veRussia vemuriwo wemukati. MaGreenhouse complexes akaonekwa munenge matunhu ese enyika. Makuru anowanikwa munzvimbo dzepakati, muSiberia uye kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Iyo yakakura yemiti yemiti yemukati inogadzirwa nenharaunda ndeyeSt. Petersburg bhizinesi "Rost", iyo yakazara nzvimbo yegreenhouse complexes yayo inokwana 445 hectares. The capital greenhouse enterprise "ECO-Culture" inotora anenge 305 hectares, inovhara matatu epamusoro eJSC "Agrokombinat "Yuzhny" ane greenhouse complexes ane nzvimbo inosvika 145 hectares. Nhasi, miriwo yemumba inokura yevhu rakavharwa inoramba ichikura, gore negore inoratidza kukura kwakanaka, uye kugadzirwa kwegreenhouse ndiyo inenge yakakurumbira nzira yekutanga.
Kukura kwakadzikama. Mavhoriyamu ekugadzirwa kwemiriwo akachengetedzwa pasi muRussia ari kuramba achikura. Maererano neBazi rezvekurima reRussia, mamiriyoni 1.25 matani akatokura mu greenhouses pakati paOctober 2022. Iyi ndiyo 6.8% kupfuura panguva imwechete gore rapera. Greenhouse cucumber yakatove yakakohwewa 725.4 zviuru zvematani (kukura - 7.7%), tomate - 502.9 zviuru matani (kukura - 7.4%). Matunhu anotungamira maererano nekukohwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse ndiLipetsk, Moscow, Volgograd, Kaluga, Belgorod Regions, Krasnodar uye Stavropol Territories, Republics of Karachay-Cherkessia, Tatarstan neBashkortostan.
Vakava vatungamiri. Nhasi, nzvimbo yeLipetsk iri kutungamirira maererano nekukohwa kwemiriwo yegreenhouse. Kubva pakati paGumiguru, pamusoro pe123 zviuru zvematani emuriwo wegreenhouse uye zvirimwa zvakasvibirira zvakakohwewa mudunhu. Kukura kunopfuura 17%.
"Kukohwa ikozvino kwemagaka munharaunda kwakatosvika 61.6 zviuru zvematani, 59.9 zviuru zvematani zvakakohwa gore rakapera," mukuru weLipetsk region Igor Artamonov anoshuma. - Madomasi akakohwewa anenge 60.6 zviuru matani, inova chikamu chetatu kupfuura gore rapfuura (44.4 zviuru matani). Mukuwedzera, zvidimbu zvinosvika mamiriyoni 3.8 zvelettuce (matani 650) zvakaunganidzwa, izvo zvichangobva kutanga kurimwa munharaunda yacho.”
Panzvimbo yechipiri pane greenhouses pedyo neMoscow. Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima redunhu, zviuru makumi matanhatu nezvitanhatu zvematani emiriwo zvakakohwewa mudunhu reMoscow muna Ndira - Chikumi 66 - iyi i2022% kupfuura muna 10 pazuva rimwe chete. Pakupera kwa2021, zvakarongwa kukohwa 2022 zviuru matani emiriwo.
Maererano nebasa rekudhinda remusoro neHurumende yeKarachay-Cherkessia, muna 2022 zvakarongwa kuwedzera goho remiriwo yevhu rakachengetedzwa nekota - iyi inenge zviuru makumi mashanu zvematani emiriwo. Mukuenzanisa ne50, kukura kuchave 2021%.
Mumakore mashanu apfuura, kugadzirwa kwemiriwo yakadzivirirwa munzvimbo yeKaluga yakawedzera zvakapetwa kana. Gore rakapera, 67.6 zviuru zvematani emiriwo zvakakohwewa pano, gore rino zvakarongwa kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwavo kusvika ku72 zviuru zvematani. Nharaunda yeStavropol yakagamuchira matani anopfuura zviuru makumi masere emiriwo (80% kupfuura mugore rapfuura): matani anopfuura 9 zviuru zvemagaka, 17 zviuru zvematomatisi uye 64 matani emamwe miriwo, kusanganisira zvirimwa zvakasvibirira.
Krasnodar Krai zvakare imwe yematunhu gumi epamusoro eRussia mukurimwa kwemiriwo muvhu rakavharwa. "Kubva pakutanga kwegore, varimi vedu vakatokura 53 zviuru zvematani ezvigadzirwa, iyo 4.5% kupfuura panguva imwechete gore rapera," anodaro gavhuna weKrasnodar Territory Veniamin Kondratiev. - Kuban anoramba ari mumwe wevanonyanya kugadzira miriwo yegreenhouse muRussia. Nhasi, zvivako 11 zvakakura zvegreenhouse zvine nharaunda inokwana mahekita 240 zviri kushanda munharaunda yacho.”
Dzidziso inozadzikiswa ne90%. Muna 2022, Russia inogona kuwana zviratidzo zveChikafu Chekuchengetedza Dzidziso yemiriwo nemavise.
Dmitry Patrushev, Gurukota rezvekurima reRussian Federation, akataura nezvekuitwa kweChikafu Chekuchengetedza Dzidziso panguva yehurumende muFederation Council. “Matani anosvika 5 miriyoni emuriwo wakavhurika anotarisirwa, uye matani anosvika 1.6 miriyoni achagadzirwa mumagreenhouse. Mavhoriyamu ekugadzira akadai anozadzisa zvizere zvinodiwa mudzimba uye kugadzira zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika, "mukuru wedhipatimendi akasimbisa.
"Gore rega rega varimi vemiriwo vemba vanowedzera mavhoriyamu ekugadzirwa," akadaro Oksana Lut, Mutevedzeri Wekutanga weGurukota rezvekurima reRussian Federation pakuratidzira kwepasi rose Global Fresh Market: Vegetables & Fruits. - Gore rino, tinofanotaura kuti kukohwa kweminda yemichero mumapurazi emarudzi ose kuchava matani mamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu (muna 16 - anenge mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu). Mhedzisiro yakadai inogona kuita kuti zvikwanise kusvika pachikumbaridzo kukosha kweChikafu Chekuchengetedza Dzidziso padanho re2021%. Iyo greenhouse miriwo yekukura chikamu parizvino iri kuratidza hukuru hukuru - zvinotarisirwa kuti gore rino kugadzirwa muvhu rakavharwa kuchavandudza rekodhi uye kusvika 15 miriyoni matani. Kukura kwegoho kunobatsira kudzikiswa kwemavhoriyamu kubva kunze kwenyika, kuvandudzwa kwemabasa ekunze uye kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwemitengo. Gore rino kune kuderera kwekutengesa kwemitengo yakasiyana-siyana yemiti yemiti: mbatatisi, makabheji, makarotsi, hanyanisi, tafura beet, magaka nemadomasi. Uye Bazi rezvekurima reRussia richaenderera mberi nekutsigira indasitiri, kukurudzira kuita kwekudyara uye kugadzira mamiriro anodiwa kuchengetedza musika wepamba. "
Kuti uchengetedze hurefu hunowanikwa, Ushumiri hunoenderera mberi nekutsigira kugadzirwa kunyangwe munzvimbo idzodzo uko kukosha kwakakosha kwedzidziso kwave kuwanikwa. Nechinangwa ichi, chikuva chakakomba chekutsigira nyika chakagadzirwa, chinokanganisa kutenderera kwese kwekugadzira.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzematanho ekutsigira hurumende dzakanangana nekusimudzira kukura kwemuriwo wemukati. Preferential investment loans uye incentive subsidies inopihwa kumabhizinesi. Uye zvakare, kubvira 2022, nzira yekubhadhara chikamu chemitengo yekuvakwa kwemabhizinesi egreenhouse mumatunhu eFar East yave kushanda.
Musoro wekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu kweRussia nepasirese yakava inenge yakanyanya kuratidzwa kwekupedzisira kweRussia agro-industrial show "Golden Autumn"-2022.
Mutungamiri weRussia Mikhail Mishustin akacherekedza kuti gore rino Russia ichazadzisa zviratidzo zveChikafu Chengetedzo Dzidziso yezviyo, bhititi, shuga uye zvimwe zvirimwa. "Zvatove pachena kuti tichava nerekodhi goho," mukuru wehurumende akadaro. — Pane budiriro huru mune zvimwe zvirimwa zvekurima zvinosanganisira mbeu dzemafuta. Tinoonawo kubudirira mukugadzirwa kwemichero, iyo inodhura uye yakaoma kukura mumamiriro ekunze edu. Asi isu tinotarisira rekodhi - anopfuura mamirioni 1.5 matani emichero nemichero. Mupiro wakakomba kune izvi unoitwa nematanho ekutsigira nyika kumapurazi egreenhouse. "
Nezvinangwa zvekuchengetedza. Sechikamu chekuvandudzwa kwemutemo wemubatanidzwa "Pakubata Kwakachengeteka Kwemishonga yePesticides uye Agrochemicals" muna 2020, maererano nekuvandudza kutonga kwenyika (kutarisa), chirevo cheFederal State Information System yeTraceability yePesticides uye Agrochemicals (FGIS) yaive. yakaunzwa muChikamu chegumi neshanu, icho chakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabheji emishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals anoverengerwa kana abatwa (kuendeswa kunzvimbo yeRussian Federation, kugadzirwa (kugadzira), kuchengetedza, kutakura (kutakura), kushandiswa, kutengesa, neutralization. , kuraswa, kuparadzwa uye kuvigwa), uyewo kuongororwa, kushandiswa kwemashoko anopiwa mairi uye kutarisa kuvimbika kwavo.
Ruzivo rwuri muFGIS runodzivirirwa nemushandisi. Ruzivo rwuri pamutemo uye rwunotorwa sechinhu cheruzivo rwenyika. Kuti ushande kuFGIS Saturn kusvika Gunyana 1, 2022, mabhizinesi ese, kusanganisira magreenhouse anoshandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye agrochemicals, aifanira kunyoresa kuFGIS Saturn kuburikidza neCerberus system. Iyo Rosselkhoznadzor inoita kutonga uye kutonga basa rekubata kwakachengeteka kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals. Mirayiridzo inotumirwa pawebhusaiti yeRosselkhoznadzor territorial administrations pane main service portals. Pazasi pane nhamba dzenhare dzevakuru vekugamuchira vematunhu ekutonga. Mabhizinesi eGreenhouse, kuitira kuti atore zita rekupinda uye password, taura nehofisi yavo yenzvimbo manejimendi kana paine mibvunzo panguva yekunyoresa. Madhipatimendi ane mutoro wepasi kana phytosanitary manejimendi anoonekwawo mune yega yega dunhu manejimendi.
The zvinhu uye hwokugadzira ramangwana. Pamusangano wezvekurima waJune "Greenhouse Indasitiri yeRussia"-2022 muMoscow, kutariswa kwakanyanya kwakabhadharwa kune yazvino mamiriro eindastiri yakazara, kunyanya kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu uye tekinoroji base. "Miriwo yeRussia inokura yevhu rakavharwa: mamiriro eindasitiri, tarisiro yebudiriro, rutsigiro rwehurumende mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo" - Arkady Muravyov, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weSangano "Greenhouses of Russia", akataura kudaro paforamu. "Nhanho yekushanda kwekuvaka kwemiti yegreenhouse, yakatanga muna 2014, inoenderera mberi muRussia nhasi," akadaro mukutaura kwake. - Kubva ipapo, mahekita anopfuura 1.5 zviuru akavakwa uye kugadzirwa kwemiriwo kwakawedzera kana - kusvika kumamiriyoni 1.6 mamiriyoni. Nhasi, greenhouse holdings yakakura inoronga kuisa munzvimbo dzakakomba dzezvivako zvitsva zvepamusoro pakupera kwa2022. APH "Eco-culture" - anopfuura 200 hectares, GC "Kukura" - anopfuura 70 hectares. Nhamba dzemakomba makuru ane nzvimbo inopfuura 80 mahekita ari padanho rekugadzira. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi aripo anewo kukanganisa. Semuenzaniso, kuvakwa kweRyazan Roses shopping mall ine nzvimbo ye 6.4 hectares yakamiswa. Arkady Muravyov akacherechedza mafambiro epamberi uye mafambiro ari kutanga kuunza imwe mari chaiyo kumabhizinesi egreenhouse nhasi. Pakati pavo ndiko kuvhurwa kwemabhizimisi makuru ehorticultural, uko maruva nemiriwo zvinokura uye pakarepo zvinotengeswa. Mukuru wesangano akarangarirawo zvakabudirira kuitwa nemakambani eRussia nzira yekutsiva kunze kwenyika yekugadzira michina inodiwa kumaindasitiri egreenhouse. "Mumunda wekupa simba, vagadziri veRussia, semuenzaniso, vanokwanisa kupa mhinduro dzakawanda dzinoshanda, dzakadai seotomatiki modular thermal power plant kana inopisa-mvura-yetatu-ye-heat-tube boilers," Arkady Muravyov ane chokwadi.
Tarisiro dzenguva refu. Nhasi Russia iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri pasi rose maererano nekudyiwa kwemagaka (1.7 miriyoni matani) uye yechisere maererano nekudyiwa kwemadomasi (3.5 miriyoni matani). Mutungamiriri weCentre for Agroanalytics Dmitry Aveltsov akatsanangura kuti gangaidzo nhasi nderokuti nyika yedu iri pamusoro pe20 uye yepamusoro makumi matatu pasi rose maererano nekudyiwa kwemiriwo iyi pamunhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirwa kwako muRussia hakuna kukwana. Gore rakapera, Russia yakaunza kunze kwenyika 30 uye 460.2 zviuru matani emagaka. Nekudaro, zvirango zvakatemerwa Russia zvakakonzera kusakwanisa kuvandudza / kuwedzera humwe hunyanzvi hwekuita uye njodzi yekurambidza kutengwa kwembeu, michina nezvimwe zvakakosha.
"Nhasi, hurumende yenyika uye madhipatimendi akakodzera anotarisisa kusimudzira kutengeserana pakati pezvigadzirwa zvekurima nenyika dzakaita seUzbekistan, Iran, Azerbaijan," anoenderera mberi Dmitry Aveltsov. - Mamiriro emitengo mumusika wemiriwo akaongororwa, dambudziko rezvipingamupinyi zvevagadziri vemiriwo zvine chekuita nezvirango uye kubviswa kwemakambani makuru ekugadzira kubva pamusika kwakaonekwa zvakasiyana.
Zvinoenderana nedata redu, muRussia nhasi kune 72 mapurojekiti ekudyara ari kushanda munzira yekugadzirwa kwemiriwo yevhu rakavharwa, kuitiswa kwacho kunobata nguva ye2021-2028. 62% yemapurojekiti ari kutoitwa, mamwe akarongwa kuti aitwe munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Huwandu hwemari yemapurojekiti ekudyara kwegore ra2022-2024 hunosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mana nemashanu nemakumi mashanu emadhora, kusanganisira bhiriyoni 45,2 ichapihwa kuvandudza mapurojekiti aripo.
Achitaura nezve fungidziro yemavhoriyamu ekugadzira greenhouse, Mikhail Semykin, director wegreenhouse direction yeAGRISOVGAZ LLC, akaita fungidziro inonakidza. Maererano naye, kuzvidzora mune zvigadzirwa zvemiriwo zvichakura kusvika 72% muna 2022. Zvisinei, kuitira kuti utsive zvachose kunze kwenyika, zvakakosha kuvaka kunyange mamwe magreenhouse complexes, uye izvi zvinonyanya kuitika pakugadzirwa kwemaruva, tomate. strawberries uye hops.
Zvakare, mibvunzo mizhinji yakamutswa nehunyanzvi hwakadai sekudzimwa kwechirongwa chekudzosera chikamu chemutengo wakananga wakaitwa, kuderera kwekuremerwa kwezvigadzirwa uye kuwedzera kwenguva yekubhadhara kwemapurojekiti, kuwedzera kwemitengo yezvinhu, zvikamu uye. Logistics yekuvaka kutsva ne50-100%, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemutengo wehomwe yemuhoro uye kuwedzera kwesimba rekutsamira kwemakambani, etc. Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, zvinodikanwa kudzikisa mwero wekutora chikamu mu zvirongwa zvekubhadhara mari yepurojekiti kusvika ku7-10% yemitengo yeprojekiti, nekudaro ichidzikisa chikumbaridzo chekupinda muindasitiri kune vanoisa mari. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuwedzera zvirongwa zvekutsigira nyika munzvimbo dzefloriculture, hop kukura, berry kukura uye kudzoreredza matanho ekutsigira kune vagadziri vepamba vemidziyo uye zvikamu. Zvingavawo zvakanaka kuisa zvinhu zvine nzvimbo ye 0.7 kusvika ku3 hectares yenzvimbo inoshandiswa muchirongwa.
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