Kubhururuka pakati pemitsara yezvirimwa mukati megreenhouse, iyo Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, inomhara pamaruva anotumbuka, ichizadza zvirimwa zvinyoro uye ichikonzera kuparadzwa kusingagadzirike. Kusiyana nemamwe maDrosophilidae anobudirira pamuchero wakakohwewa uye uri kuora, SWD ine penchant yemichero midiki - blueberries, sitiroberi uye raspberries - nemichero yematombo, senge cherries, muminda yakavhurika uye yakavharirwa greenhouses. Chipembenene chinowanikwa kuSoutheast Asia, SWD yakamhara muEurope, Americas uye, nguva pfupi yadarika, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica. Kurasikirwa kwemari kwakabatana nekuputika kwechipembenene chisingadzoreki kunogona kusvika mamiriyoni emadhora pagore - inodarika US $ 500 mamiriyoni muUnited States of America, chete - maererano nekuongorora kwakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi Insects.
IAEA, yakabatana neFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations (FAO), ine hunyanzvi uye kubudirira kwenhoroondo mukushandisa sterile insect technique (SIT) kudzvanya kana kupedza tumbuyu, senhunzi yemuchero yeMediterranean, screwworm nhunzi, nhunzi nenhunzi dzakasiyana-siyana. Tichifunga nezvekutyisidzirwa kweSWD mukugadzirwa kwemichero pasi rose, nyika dzakati wandei dzakaenda kuFAO neIAEA kuti vaone kugona kweSIT kudzvanyirira SWD mumasisitimu ekugadzira akavharirwa, akadai semagreenhouse.
“Kusvika pari zvino, hapana marapiro anoenderana nemhoteredzo akagadzirwa kuti adzvinyirire chirwere ichi,” akadaro Gustavo Taret weArgentina's Institute of Agricultural Health and Quality. "SIT ingangove nzira yekudzora nharaunda inobvumira kushandiswa kwayo mumagreenhouses, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ichidzivirira tupukanana tunobatsira mukudzora kwezvimwe zvipembenene."
Iyo SIT package inogadzirwa sei?
Kupinzwa kwekutanga kwekoloni yeSWD kwakasvika kubva kuItaly muna 2015 paFAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) muSeibersdorf, Austria. Kubva ipapo, marabhoritari yakaongorora iyo SWD's radiation biology, izvo zvinoreva mhedzisiro yeionizing irradiation pakuiswa kwe sterility. "Kune rudzi rutsva, tinofanirwa kuongorora madhasi akasiyana emwaranzi kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro kuti tione kuti irradiation inokonzeresa sei kusvika zana muzana," akadaro Carlos Caceres, anoongorora entomologist neJoint FAO/IAEA Chirongwa cheNuclear Techniques muChikafu. uye Agriculture.
Kuti vasimudzire kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwenhunzi dzemichero pakutsvaga, masayendisiti akagadzira egging masisitimu uye matanga ekubatira vakuru. Panyaya yeSWD, iyo egging, kana oviposition, system yakagadziridzwa inoumbwa nemidziyo yepurasitiki ine maburi anobvumira vakadzi kukandira mazai. “Oviposition system ipanera rine mambure akavharidzirwa ane wakisi. Madzimai anokwezvwa kune rumwe ruvara rweoviposition panel, ”Caceres akatsanangura. "Vakadzi oviposit - kana kukandira mazai - kuburikidza nepaneru, ipapo mazai anounganidzwa kunze kwekeji." Masayendisiti akafunga kuti SWD inokwezvwa kune mapaneru matema, ayo anowedzera huwandu hwemazai anounganidzwa.
Kana mazai angochochonya kuita mhungu, anodyiswa kudya kunosanganisira karoti hupfu, shuga, mbiriso nemvura. Mukati memazuva mashoma, mapere anochinja kuita pupae. Kana zvimbwanana zvakura, zvinounganidzwa zvoiswa mwaranzi, zvichiita kuti dzisabereke. Mushure mokudiridzwa, nhunzi dzinoiswa mumatanga umo nhunzi dzakura dzisina utachiona dzinobuda. “Makeji ekubatira anogadzirwa nearuminiyamu furemu yakafukidzwa nemambure akanaka ekugadzira mesh. Mukati mekeji mune shuga nembiriso, sechitubu chekudya, pamwe nesiponji yakanyoroveswa nemvura kuitira kuti nhunzi dzipere,” akadaro Caceres. Kage rimwe rinoyera 50cm x 50cm x 50cm.
Mushure memazuva matatu mumakeji, nhunzi dzakura dzinokura pabonde uye dzinogona kuburitswa munzvimbo yainonangwa kuti dzibatane nehadzi dzinobereka, zvichiita kuti pasava nevana. Izvi zvinozokonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwesango nechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe.
Chimiro cheSIT yeSWD
Misa-kurera maprotocol eSWD akaiswa, uye kubata nekuburitsa maprotocol kuitira kuti nhunzi dzakura dzisvike dzine hutano uye dzichikwikwidza mumunda dziri kuongororwa. "Kugadzirwa kwakagadzikana uye kwakakwana kwezvipembenene zvisina utachiona kunodiwa kuita ongororo munzvimbo dzakavharirwa kana greenhouses uye kukwanisa kugadzirisa kuburitswa kwemitengo uye mafambiro," akadaro Taret. Kusvika iye zvino, miedzo yevatyairi, umo 50 000 kusvika 100 000 nhunzi dzemichero dzinogadzirwa pavhiki, dzakaiswa munzvimbo dzinopisa muArgentina. Imwezve kuyedza kuedza inotarisirwa kuitwa muFrance gore rino.
Mhedzisiro kubva mumiedzo iyi yekutyaira ichabvumira kubatanidzwa kweSIT kudzora SWD munyika dzakakanganisika. "Tekinoroji yekutanga yeSIT yeSWD pilot test iripo, izvo zvinoda kuburitswa kwenhunzi dzinosvika miriyoni maviri pasvondo panzvimbo dzakatariswa, asi kutorwa kwayo uye kuendeswa kunoenderana nezviremera zvekudzivirira zvirimwa uye vanoita sarudzo muindasitiri yemichero," akadaro Caceres. .
Iyo SIT package yeSWD inotarisirwa kupedzwa muna 2023. "SIT inogona kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekudzora, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvirimwa, masara emishonga yezvipembenene mukudya uye njodzi kune vashandi," akadaro Caceres.
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko,
International Atomic Energy Agency
www.iaea.org
Mazzi D, Bravin E, Meraner M, Finger R, Kuske S. Economic Impact yeKutangwa uye Kugadzwa kweDrosophila suzukii paSweet Cherry Production muSwitzerland. Zvipembenene. 2017;8(1):18. Yakabudiswa 2017 Feb 8. doi:10.3390/insects8010018