Kana isu tichinzwa nezvekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwechikafu nerubatsiro rwezvinonzi "smart" zvekurima, isu tinofungidzira chimwe chinhu chine chekuita nehungwaru hwekugadzira, marobhoti uye "data hombe", asi optimization yekurima haisi nguva dzose inoenderana neazvino matekinoroji. Panyaya yemapurazi maduku mumaruwa, nzira ye "smart" inowanzobatanidza kuwana mari inodhura uye nzira dzepakutanga dzekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa nekushandiswa kwakanaka kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye pasina kukuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza.
Chirongwa cheFAO "Smart Agriculture - for the Future Generation" chine bhajeti remadhora 3.4 miriyoni, chakatsigirwa neHurumende yeRepublic of Korea, chinobatsira mhuri zhinji dziri kumaruwa eUzbekistan neVietnam kuwedzera kurima greenhouse kuitira kuti vakwanise. kugadzira chikafu chakawanda uchishandisa mishonga mishoma yezvipembenene, mamineral fertilizer nemvura, nekushanda kushoma uye nenzira isina njodzi.
Pfungwa huru ndeyekuwedzera kushanda kwegreenhouses nekutora zvinhu zvishanu zvinoenderana: kutonga kwemamiriro ekunze, kudzora tupukanana nezvirwere, kudiridza, kudya kwezvirimwa uye nzira dzekurima.
Iyo purojekiti inosanganisira zvine musoro kurudziro yesainzi uye mhinduro dzesainzi, dzechinyakare uye dzemazuva ano. Izvo zvine chinangwa chekushandura mapurazi egreenhouse kuita mabhizinesi akabudirira, izvo zvichawedzera mihoro yevaridzi vawo, kuwedzera mikana yebasa yevagari venzvimbo uye kuita kuti kugoneke kwegore rose kugadzirwa kwezvakasiyana, zvinokwanisika uye zvakachengeteka zvekudya.
“Takaona magreenhouse emhando yepamusoro akaiswa mari zhinji, asi panguva imwe cheteyo goho rawo raive rakaderera, nekuti vaive vasingacherechedze mashandiro enzvimbo. Masisitimu anodhura akaderera, akadai semagreenhouse akakwenenzverwa, anobvumidza iwe kukohwa zvirimwa zvakawanda nezviwanikwa zvishoma, "anodaro Melvin Medina Navarro, nyanzvi inotungamira chirongwa ichi.
Hungwaru mhinduro
Apo nyanzvi dzeFAO dzakatanga kudzidza nezvemhuri dzine mari shoma uye dzisiri dzenguva dzose munzvimbo nhatu dzokumaruwa dzeUzbekistan dzakaedza, dzakawana kuti nzira dzechinyakare uye dzisingashandi dzokurima michero nemiriwo dzegreenhouse dzaiitwa madziri.
Somuenzaniso, kumeserwa mukume kwaiitwa nemaoko, uye mishonga inokuvadza yakashandiswa yakawanda. Magreenhouse akaputirwa nevhu kugadzira mumvuri uye kuderedza tembiricha mukati mukati memwedzi inopisa kwazvo, apo tembiricha yemasikati inogona kusvika 42 degrees Celsius.
"Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvivharo zvitsva," anodaro agronomist Khairulla Esonov, uyo anotora chikamu muFAO chirongwa.
Iwo magreenhouses akafukidzwa nefirimu repolyethylene ane akakosha ekuwedzera anogara akasimba, anoratidza ultraviolet nemwaranzi, kuderedza guruva uye kudzivirira condensation.
Miteyo inonamira nemambure eumhutu zvakashandiswa kudzora tumbuyu nezvirwere. Ivhu rakatenderedza magreenhouses rakacheneswa masora, uye mavhairasi epasi uye hurongwa hwemagonhi maviri akaiswa kurwisa mavhairasi nemabhakitiriya.
Kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kwakagadziridzwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekudiridza kwemvura kunosanganisira pombi dzemagetsi emvura, mafirita, matangi emvura uye mitsetse yekudonha, nekuda kweiyo soluble nutrients inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, inosvika yakananga kumidzi yemiti.
Pamusoro pezvo, mubatsiri wega wega akapihwa midziyo yekuyera kunaka kwemvura. Zvichienderana nezvakabuda muongororo iyi, zvakaonekwa kuti mvura inoshandiswa kudiridza munzvimbo nhatu dzese dzekuyedza ine acidity yakawandisa. Ikozvino basa riri kuenderera mberi rekuvandudza ma parameter aya nekugadzirisa huwandu hwefetereza uye nekuwedzera maasidhi chaiwo kumvura.
Kunyange Amai Nature pachavo vanobatsira: panzvimbo yebasa rakaoma uye risingabatsiri kumesa, nyuchi dzepasi dzava kushandiswa.
Migumisiro inoshandura hupenyu
Shanduko dzakadai, dzakasanganiswa nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi rwakapihwa neFAO, dzakatora hutungamiriri hwegreenhouse kune imwe nhanho, iyo mune dzimwe nguva yakaburitsa zvinokatyamadza. Chinangwa chekutanga chechirongwa ichi chaive chekuwedzera kurimwa kwemuriwo neinosvika zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana. Nekudaro, panguva yekutanga kutenderera kwekurima, kuwedzera kwegoho rematomatisi uye sweet pepper yaive 20 uye 90 muzana, zvichiteerana.
Nigora Pulatova, mumwe wevarimi vaiita basa iri, akashamiswa kugamuchira goho rimwe chetero, pasinei nokuti akashandisa hafu yembeu kupfuura vamwe varimi. Mukuwedzera, kunaka kwemiriwo kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya maererano nehukuru, chimiro, ruvara uye kusavapo kwezvisaririra zvezvipembenene, izvo zvakabvumira varimi kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo pamutengo wakakwirira zvikuru.
Mumwe murimi akapinda muchirongwa cheFAO ndiMatluba Alimbekova, amai vevana vashanu vanobva mudunhu reAndijan kuUzbekistan. Matluba anorima matomatisi, magaka, mhiripiri, gariki nemakwenzi, asi kare aigara achirasikirwa nehafu yechirimwa nekuda kwezvipembenene nezvirwere. Gore rino akadyara rudzi rutsva rwepepper inotapira "anetta", iyo inonyatsoenderana nemamiriro emunharaunda, uye akatokohwa anopfuura matani maviri egoho uye akawana mari inosvika madhora 1,100. Parizvino, anounganidza anopfuura 90 makirogiramu emhiripiri svondo rega rega uye anoronga kudyara radishes munaNovember kuti awane mari yakawanda mumwaka wechando.
“Chirongwa ichi chakabatsira mhuri yedu zvikuru, mari yatinowana yawedzera,” anodaro Matlyuba.
Kare, hafu yemari yaMatlyuba Alimbekova yakaenda kunobhadhara mari yekugadzira, asi nekuda kweprojekti mundima ye "smart" yekurima, ikozvino yasvika pasi pe20 muzana.
Kupfuurirazve, chirongwa ichi chichaita ongororo yemusika, kuvandudza marabhoritari mumunda wekuchengetedza chikafu uye kudzidziswa kwenyanzvi dzemuno kuitira kuwedzera huwandu uye pundutso yekutengeswa kunze kwenyika miriwo mitsva uye kuenderera mberi nekushandurwa kwenzvimbo dzekumaruwa vachishandisa nzira dzinowanikwa uye dzinogoneka. .
Kunobva: https://news.un.org