#Shiitakemushroomcultivation #Greenhousefarming #Sustainableagriculture #Cropdiversification #Cambodianagriculture
Kheang Vanda, murimi ane chiono muPhnom Penh, Cambodia, akabudirira kurima howa hwe<em>shiitake munharaunda inozivikanwa nokuda kwemamiriro ekunze anopisa uye ane mwando. Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezvivakwa zvegreenhouse zvinodzokorora nharaunda dzeAsia dzinotonhorera, bhizimusi reVanda, SY Company, harina kungowana kuwanikwa kwakasimba kwekudya kunonaka uku asi rakavhurawo mikova yekusiyana kwezvirimwa uye kurima kunoenderera mberi munyika. Kurimwa kwehowa hweshiitake kunoshanda seuchapupu hwekuti nzira dzekurima dzine hutsva dzinokwanisa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nemusika uye kupa hunogara huripo hwemhando yepamusoro, hunorimwa muno.
Mumamiriro ekunze anodziya eCambodia, uko howa hweshiitake hausi wekuzvarwa, Kheang Vanda akazvidza tarisiro uye akabudirira kurima chikafu chakakurumbira ichi. Pakutanga, Cambodia yaivimba nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kana kuomeswa shiitake nekuda kwekunetseka kwekutakura howa hutsva. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi kwaVanda kwegreenhouses kwakachinja mutambo.
Yakavambwa muna 2017, kambani yeVanda, SY, inonyanya kugadzira magreenhouse ekutonhorera-kutonhora uye kurima zvipfuyo. Nekushandisa nzira dzehungwaru dzekudzivirira pamatenga nemadziro, dzimba dzekusvirisa dzeSY dzinogadzira tembiricha inotonhorera inodiwa pakurima howa. Kubudirira uku hakungoite kuti howa hweshiitake hubudirire asi hunovhurawo mikana yekurima zvimwe zvirimwa zvinofarira mamiriro ekunze anotonhorera.
Kurimwa kwacho kunosanganisira musanganiswa chaiwo wehuni dzerabha dzakapwanyika uye mbiriso, uchisimudzira kukura kwehowa hweshiitake. Kuchengetedza tembiricha yakanaka ye16-18 madhigirii celsius uye hunyoro hwepamusoro kwakakosha pakurima kunobudirira, izvo zvinotora mazuva mana kusvika mashanu. Kubudirira kweiyi rivhi nzira yekurima kunoonekwa mune ine mwero 6 × 8-mita greenhouse muPhnom Penh, iyo inoburitsa inonakidza zuva nezuva yemakumi matatu kusvika makumi mana makirogiramu eshiitake howa.
Kunze kwekudzora tembiricha, kuchengetedza hutsanana uye kuita zvimiro zvehutsanana kwakakosha mukugadzira nzvimbo ine hutsanana yekurima howa. Vanda vanosimbisa kukosha kwekuona kuti vari kupinda nekubuda mugreenhouse vatevedza mitemo yehutsanana kuitira kuchengetedza kunaka nekuchengetedzwa kwehowa.
Nepo kuunzwa kwemagreenhouse kwakashandura kurimwa kwehowa muCambodia, zvinounzawo matambudziko ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwesimba. Kugadzirisa izvi, Managing Director weSY, Huong Sophorn, anokurudzira kuiswa kwesimba rezuva, kuderedza kuvimba nesimba regridi uye kusimudzira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uku ichipa imwezve mari yevarimi.
Nekuda kwenhamburiko dzeupiyona dzaKheang Vanda uye kuunzwa kwemagreenhouses, varimi veko muCambodia vava nemukana wekusiyanisa zvirimwa zvavo uye kusimbisa mari yavo. Kurimwa kwehowa hweshiitake hakuna kungozadzisa kudiwa kwehuhu hunoyemurwa zvikuru uhwu asi kuti kwave kuvhura nzira yekurima kwakasimba uye kusiyanisa zvirimwa mudunhu iri.
Kubudirira kurimwa kwehowa hweshiitake kunoratidza kuti nzira dzekurima dzehutsva dzinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemusika uye kuona kuti zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvinorimwa muno zvinogara zviripo. Negoho rezuva nezuva remakirogiramu makumi mana ehowa hwatokwana kuzvitoro zvikuru zviviri, Huong Sophorn anokurudzira varimi kuti vatore nzira iyi nekuvaka dzimba diki dzekurimisa howa. Nekushandisa nzira dzekurima dzakamira dzakafanana nemasherufu ezvitoro zvikuru, varimi vanokwanisa kuwedzera mashandisirwo enzvimbo uye kuwana kugadzirwa kwakanaka kwehowa.
Kubudirira kusingatarisirwi kwehowa hweshiitake muCambodia inofashamira mamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemagreenhouses anoratidza mukana wekurima kwakasimba nekusiyana kwezvirimwa. Kubudirira kwaKheang Vanda hakuna kungogonesa kuwanikwa kwehowa hutsva, hwemhando yepamusoro, asi zvakare kwakagonesa varimi veko kuti vajairane nezvido zvemusika uye kubatsira mukupihwa kwezvirimwa zvitsva.