Chirwere chezvirimwa & manejimendi ezvipembenene uchishandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvinomutsa kushushikana kukuru nezvekuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, kunaka kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuramba kwezvipembenene. Izvi zvinonetsa zvakaraira kudiwa kweimwe chirwere chechirimwa & pest Management matekiniki. Kunyanya, kudya kwezvirimwa kunogona kukanganisa kushivirira kwechirwere kana kuramba kwezvirimwa kune zvipembenene nezvirwere.
Izvi zvinoonekwa mukuwedzera kumanikidziro kune varimi kuti vakure maruva ane utano, michero nemiriwo ine zvishoma uye zvishoma nemishonga yemishonga yemakemikari. Misika yekunze inowanzotarisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvakasara muzvigadzirwa uye akakwira MRL mazinga anogona kudzikisira kuwanikwa kwemusika. Nezvitsva Horticultural Standards muKenya ichiburitswa mupepanhau - kune zvakare kudzvanywa kwakawanda kubva kumisika yemuno pakushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye zvakasara.
Mineral Nutrition & Plant Disease
Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga isati yatanga, kutonga kwezvipembenene nezvirwere kwakavepo kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwekuchengeta zvirimwa zvakanaka, kutenderedza mbesa nesarufa nemhangura. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, tsvakurudzo huru yakaitwa pamakemikari ehondo yemakemikari. Imwe tsvakiridzo iyi yaive yekugadzirwa kwemakemikari aibatsira kurwisa zvipembenene nezvirwere muzvirimwa.
Pakava nokuchinja kukuru kwezvokurima. Zvipembenene nezvirwere zvakadzorwa, uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu kwakava kwakachengeteka uye goho rakawedzera. Kwaingova makore bedzi gare gare apo takazoziva nezvemigumisiro yakaipa yemakemikari aya pautano hwevanhu. Haasati ari makemikoro ose akaipa, uye pasina kudzora kwakafanira zvipembenene nehosha taisazokwanisa kupa nyika zvokudya. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti tikure zvine hungwaru uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene patinokwanisa.
Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga isati yatanga tsvakurudzo huru yakaitwa pamusoro pebasa rekudya kwezvirimwa muhosha yezvirimwa uye kudzora tupukanana, uye basa iri rave kushanyirwa zvakare nekuwedzerwa.
Plant Disease & Pest Management In Sustainable Agriculture
Ivhu Mamiriro & Drainage
Zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotanga nekuda kwematambudziko nemidzi, chimiro chevhu, pasina oxygen, kushayikwa kwemvura uye kutema mvura. Ivhu rakadzika, rakanyoroveswa zvakanaka rine maumbirwo akanaka ezvimedu ndiwo mutsara wako wekutanga wekudzivirira kuzvirwere zvezvirimwa. Tevere hunyoro uye tembiricha dzinoita basa rakakosha mu "activate" utachiona. Kazhinji hunyoro hwepamusoro uye tembiricha dzinokurudzira zvirwere uye kuderedza zai kusvika kunguva yezvipembenene. Zvinosuruvarisa, muEast Africa hatina umbozha hwekutonhora kwechando - izvo zvinogona kuuraya zvirwere zvakawanda nezvipembenene.
Ivhu pH
Zvadaro, ivhu pH rine zvakawanda zvekuita nekukurumidza kwechirwere. Ivhu rine acidic rinoita kudzvanyirira zvirwere zvishoma - asi zvakare rinodzvanyirira kuwanikwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri uye goho rezvirimwa - saka swederai nehungwaru. Ivhu, mvura uye dhip pH zvinotarisa kuwanikwa kwekudya kune zvirimwa uye zvinogona kugadzira kuwandisa uye kushomeka kunogona kukurudzira kukura kwezvipembenene nezvirwere. Zviri nani kuchengeta pH iri pakanyanya kudiwa kuti zvirimwa zvikure chirimwa chine hutano chinoshingirira kuzvirwere.
Dyara Chikafu
Kudya kwakakodzera kwechirimwa ndiyo mutsara wako unotevera wekudzivirira. Chero chikafu chinoshomeka kana chawandisa chinozowedzera kutapurira zvirimwa kuzvirwere uye zvipembenene. Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinokanganisa tumbuyu nezvirwere muzvirimwa ndeizvi: – fomu reNitrogen, Potassium, Calcium, Sulfur, Chlorine, Nickel, Manganese neSilicon.
karusiyamu ndicho chinhu chikuru chekudzivirira chirwere chekudya. Kuwanda kwe calcium muvhu kunogadzirisa zvinhu zvakawanda! 1) Iyo pH, 2) Chimiro 3) Iyo aeration. Tarisa mazinga eCalcium uye ona kuti une zvakaringana uye pamazinga epamusoro epamusoro.
Calcium muchirimwa inoshandiswa kugadzira Calcium Pectate - izvi zvinotarisa kuti masvingo emasero ane simba sei, uye kuti anodzivirira sei kukurwisa kwezvipembenene uye zvirwere. Zvirwere zvakawanda muzvirimwa zvakawanda zvinogona kudzivirirwa nekuve neCalcium yakakwana mumuti wechirimwa. Kuderera kwe calcium muvhu kunoita kuti ivhu rakabatana rakazara nemvura, riine kudya kwakaringana zvakanaka uye mbesa dzisina kusimba.
Calcium inozivikanwa kudzvinyirira midzi yekirabhu mukabichi, fusarium inoda mumadomasi, erwinia yakapfava kuora mumbatatisi uye botrytis blight mumichero nemiriwo yakawanda. Calcium yakakwana yakakosha kuhupenyu hwakanaka hwesherufu yezvigadzirwa. Calcium inotorwa kuburikidza nerukova rwekufambisa uye inogona kuve tsananguro munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakafukidzira kana kunyorova kwemamiriro ekunze.
Potassium inoita basa guru mukudzvinyirirwa kwezvipembenene uye zvirwere. Potassium inoshaya zvidyarwa zvinonyanya kubatwa nezvirwere zvese uye mamiriro ekunze! Munzvimbo dzakawanda tine rombo rakanaka kuva ne potassium yakakwana kana yakawandisa muvhu. Zvisineyi, rinokwanisa kugadzika mune mamwe marudzi evhu, semuenzaniso illites nevhu. Kusiyana nekudyara kwezvirimwa zvakawanda - potasium haiite chikamu chechero chirimwa uye inoramba iripo mumuchero wechirimwa. Inonyanya kufamba muzvirimwa uye inokurumidza kufamba kubva kune yakakura kuenda kumashizha madiki uye kuona kushomeka iwe unofanirwa kuita wongororo yemashizha pane zvese uye kuenzanisa.
Posium yakawandisa inogona zvakare kudzvanya kana kukurudzira zvirwere zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekudyara kwechirimwa. Kazhinji potassium inodzvinyirira zvirwere zvakawanda asi inogona kukurudzira Erwinia kuora, downy chakuvhe uye nematodes. Huyero hweNitrogen: Potassium (N:K) yakakoshawo kune zvimwe zvirwere netumbuyu. Chiyero chepamusoro cheN:K chinogona kukurudzira zvirwere. Hyero yeK:N yakakwira inokonzeresa kuderedza kuomarara kwechirwere uye pamwe chete nefosphorous yakakwana inogona kuderedza kuberekana kwemaaphid.
Nitrogen kuwandisa kunoda gadzira mbesa dzisina simba, dzinokura nekukurumidza dzinobatwa netumbuyu uye kukuvara kwezvirwere. Zvirwere zvakawanda zvinonyorovesa zvinoitika nekuda kwenitrogen yakawandisa, high nitrogen inokurudzira botrytis mumiti yaiwanzo shingirira pairi. Chimiro icho nitrogen chinopihwa kuzvirimwa chiri mukati chinogonawo kuve nemhedzisiro huru pakurwisa zvirwere. Nitrogen inogona kutorwa nezvirimwa seyakadzikiswa NH4 fomu kana iyo oxidized NO3 fomu. NH4 inoderedza pH nepo NO3 inowedzera pH. Zvirwere zvinobata zvakasiyana kune N-fomu. Nitrate inodzvanya fusarium wilts neRhizoctonia root rots ukuwo ammonium ichidzvanya zvimwe zvirwere zvinobatwa nevhu.
Chlorine haiwanzoonekwa sekudya kwechirimwa uye inogona kuva chepfu kune zvirimwa zvakawanda. Zvakadaro, tsvakiridzo yakawana kuti muzvirimwa zvisingaite chloride, chlorine inogona kudzvanya zvirwere zvezvirimwa eg fusarium crown rot in asparagus, Rhizoctonia crown rot in beet, Fusarium Yellows in celery, uye smut and stalk kuora muchibage. Muzviitiko zvakawanda kuwedzera kwekloridi kwakaguma nekuwedzera kwemanganese mumashizha emashizha.
Managanese. Kuyedzwa kwekudyara uye kutsvagisa kwakaratidza kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pekuiswa kweManganese mune hutano chirimwa tishu vs ine chirwere chirimwa tishu. Fungal uye kusvika pamwero mukuru, zvirwere zvebhakitiriya zvakaderedzwa pamberi pekuwana zvakakwana manganese, nepo zvirwere zvehutachiona zvinogona kuwedzerwa nekuwedzerwa kwemiti.
Manganese inowanzoita kuwanda muvhu, chinodzikisira chiri kugona kwekutora. Maitiro anovandudza manganese kutora anowanzo kuderedza zvirwere. Mulching, optimum pH, organic matter, tembiricha yevhu uye kuita kwe microbial muvhu. Glyphosate inogona kuderedza manganese kutora uye kukurudzira kutora zvose. Mbatata scab inodzikiswa nekudzikisa ivhu pH, kudiridza kana foliar feeding manganese. Mamwe mafungicides eg Mancozeb inonyanya kushanda mune manganese fomu.
nickel inodiwa muhushoma uye inokwana muivhu rehorticultural yakawanda. Inoonekwa seye-ultra-micronutrient uye haina kutariswa kwakawanda kwakapihwa kwairi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nickel yakakosha kune nitrogen bhasikoro mumiti yezvirimwa uye nekukurudzira zvirimwa mhinduro yekudzivirira nekubatsira nekugadzira phytoalexin. Nickel munyu ipfapfaidzo yefungicide kurwisa ngura. Kutora nickel kunogona kuderedzwa muvhu rinotonhora rakaoma uye pamberi pekuwedzera zinc, mhangura, manganese, iron, cobalt, magnesium uye calcium. Basa rakawanda rinoda kuitwa pa nickel.
Sulphur yakakosha mukudzora chirwere - inodiwa kukurudzira zvirimwa kurwisa fungi kuburikidza nekukonzeresa metabolic maitiro. Izvi zvave kunzi SIR - sulfur induced resistance. Sulfur zvakare ine topical toxic effect pafunguses uye mite - nekudaro kushandiswa kwesarufa zvinopisa mune dzimwe greenhouses.
Silicon ndiyo yechipiri ine mineral yakawanda muvhu. Yakakwana mwero nesilicon mumiti kupa utano kuramba zvirwere zvakawanda, uye tsime uye mwero kushandiswa nesilicon anogona zvakasimba kukanganisa kudzorwa zhinji fungal zvirwere zvakawanda chirimwa marudzi. Inoshanda / inotengeka / uye inoshanda mhinduro inodiwa pakushandiswa kwesilicon kune zvirimwa zvinogona kuiunganidza, sezvo zvave zvichizivikanwa kuti kushandiswa kwesilicon mukurwisa zvipembenene nezvirwere ingave nzira inoshanda yekuderedza kushandiswa kwefungicide munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekurima. Kumwe tsvagiridzo kunofanirwa kuitwa pane izvi.
Silicon mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana yakaratidza kuva nzira inoshanda yekudzivirira zvipembenene. Kukwirira kwesilicon yakaunganidzwa mumashanga nemashizha kunogona kuodza mwoyo zvipembenene zvinotsenga, silicon inogona kunyungudutsa chitin, ichikonzera kupera simba kwezvipembenene, uye silicon inogona kuvhara zvipembenene spiracles - kudzivirira okisijeni kuti isapinda mumiviri yavo.
Yakakwira mazinga eEC (munyu) kana Sodium (sodicity) inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kudyara kwechirimwa uye kukura kwezvirimwa zvine hutano uye kukurudzira zvirwere, nematodes uye tumbuyu.
Sezvauri kuona - kudya kwechirimwa kunoita basa rakakura mukuona kushivirira kwezvirimwa kune zvipembenene nezvirwere, uye zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa nekugadzirisa kudya kwezvirimwa kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve izvi, uye yekuyedza mamiriro ekudya kwezvirimwa zvako ndapota taura nesu pa support@cropnuts.com.