Vatsvagiri veCambridge vakaratidza kuti zvidyarwa zvinokwanisa kudzora chemistry yepetal surface yavo kugadzira masaini aridescent anoonekwa nenyuchi.
Nepo maruva mazhinji achiburitsa pigment inoratidzika kunge ine ruvara uye ichiita sechiratidzo chekuona kune vanotakura mukume, mamwe maruva anogadzirawo ma microscopic matatu-dimensional mapatani panzvimbo yawo petal. Aya matunhu akadarikidzana anoratidza mamwe marefu echiedza kuti abudise mhezi inopenya isingaonekwe nemeso emunhu nguva dzose, asi inoonekwa nenyuchi.
Pane kukwikwidza kwakawanda kwekutariswa kubva kune vanotakura mukume uye-zvichipa kuti 35% yezvirimwa zvepasi zvinotsamira pazvinomera zvemhuka-kunzwisisa kuti zvinomera zvinogadzira sei petal mapatani anofadza mapollinator anogona kuve akakosha pakutungamira tsvakiridzo yeramangwana nemitemo mune zvekurima, biodiversity nekuchengetedza.
Tsvagiridzo inotungamirwa nechikwata chaProfessor Beverley Glover kuCambridge Dhipatimendi rePlant Sayenzi yakaratidza kuti pane zvakawanda zvepetal patterning kupfuura zvinosangana neziso. Mhedzisiro yapfuura yakaratidza kuti mechanical buckling yehutete, inodzivirira cuticle rukanda pamusoro pemapeturu ari kukura anogona kukonzeresa kuumbwa kwezvikomo zvisingaonekwi.
Aya masemi-akaodha mitsetse anoita semagirodhi anotaridza mafungu echiedza akasiyana kuti agadzire isina simba iridescent yeblue-halo maitiro mublue-UV spectrum inogona kuona bumblebees. Zvisinei, nei mitsara iyoyo ichingoumba mune mamwe maruva kana kuti kunyange pane mamwe mativi emaruva hazvina kunzwisiswa.
Edwige Moyroud, akatanga tsvakiridzo iyi mulabhu yaProfessor Glover uye ave kutungamira boka rake rekutsvagisa kuSainbury Laboratory, akagadzira iyo yekuAustralia yehibiscus, Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum), semhando nyowani yemhando yekuyedza kunzwisisa kuti sei uye riini. idzi nanostructures dzinokura.
"Muenzaniso wedu wekutanga wakafanotaura kuti kukura kwemasero uye kuti maseru aya anogadzira sei cuticle ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvinotungamirira kuumbwa kwezvikamu," akadaro Dr. Moyroud, "asi patakatanga kuedza muenzaniso tichishandisa. basa rekuedza muVenice mallow takaona kuti kuumbwa kwavo kunoenderana zvakanyanya necuticle chemistry, izvo zvinokanganisa mapinduriro anoita cuticle kumasimba anokonzera kubhuroka.
"Mubvunzo unotevera watinoda kuongorora ndewekuti akasiyana chemistries anogona kushandura sei ma mechanika eiyo cuticle, sechinhu chekuvaka-nanostructure. Zvingave kuti kuumbwa kwemakemikari kwakasiyana kunoguma nechekacheka ine zvivakwa zvakasiyana kana nekuoma kwakasiyana uye nekudaro nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita kune masimba anowanikwa nemasero sezvo petal inokura. "
Chirongwa ichi chakaburitsa kuti pane musanganiswa wemaitiro anoshanda pamwechete uye kubvumira zvirimwa kuumba nzvimbo dzazvo. Dr. Moyroud vakawedzera vachiti, “Miti inyanzvi dzekemesitiri uye izvi zvinotaridza magadzirisiro avanoita kemikari yegumbo razvo kuti ibudise maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana pamakumbo awo. Mapeteni akaumbwa pachikero chemicroscopic anogona kuzadzisa mabasa akati wandei, kubva pakukurukurirana nemapollinator kusvika pakudzivirira kubva kumhuka dzinodya kana utachiona. "
"Ivo mienzaniso inoshamisa yekusiyana kwekushanduka-shanduka uye nekubatanidza zviedzo uye computational modhi tave kutanga kunzwisisa zvishoma zvirinani kuti zvinomera zvingazvigadzira sei."
Zviwanikwa zvichaburitswa mu Current Biology.
“Maonero aya anobatsirawo kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye basa rekuchengetedza nokuti anobatsira kutsanangura kuti zvinomera zvinopindirana sei nemhoteredzo yazvo,” akadaro Purofesa Glover, ariwo mutungamiriri weCambridge University Botanic Garden, umo vatsvakurudzi vakatanga kuona maruva ari kupenya eVenice mallow.
Semuyenzaniso, mhando dzine hukama hwepedyo asi dzinokura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinogona kuva nemapeturu akasiyana. Kunzwisisa kuti nei kupepeta kwepetal kuchisiyana uye kuti izvi zvingakanganisa sei hukama pakati pezvirimwa nezvinotakura mukume zvinogona kubatsira kuzivisa zvirinani marongero mune ramangwana rekutonga kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana. "
Kuongorora izvo zvinotyaira 3D petal patterning
Vatsvakurudzi vakatora nhanho nzira yekuferefeta. Vakatanga kuona kukura kwepetal uye vakaona kuti cuticle maitiro anoonekwa kana maseru akareba, zvichiratidza kuti kukura kwakakosha. Ivo vakabva vaona kana kuyera zvimiro zvemuviri zvine chekuita nekukura, sekuwedzera kwesero uye kukora kwecuticle, kwaigona kufanotaura zvakakwana mapatani akaonekwa, uye vakaona kuti havakwanise. Vakabva vakanda nhanho vachidzokera kumashure kuti vaone kuti chii chaishaya.
Zvimiro zvechinhu, ingave inorganic kana kugadzirwa nemaseru mhenyu senge cuticle, anogona kunge anoenderana nemakemikari echinyorwa ichi. Neizvi mupfungwa, vatsvakurudzi vakasarudza kutarisa cuticle chemistry, uye vakaona kuti, zvechokwadi, ichi chinhu chinodzora. Kuti vaite izvi, vakatanga kushandisa nzira itsva kubva kundima yekemesitiri yekuongorora kuumbwa kwecuticle panzvimbo dzakanyanya kuyambuka petal. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti matunhu ane petal ane akasiyana maumbirwo (akatsetseka kana striated) anosiyanawo mukemikari yepasi.
Vachienzanisa neyakatsetseka cuticle, vakawana iyo striated cuticle ine yakakwira mazinga e dihydroxy-palmitic asidhi uye wax uye yakaderera mwero we phenolic makomisheni. Kuti vaedze kana cuticle chemistry yaive yakakosha, ivo vakabva vapayona nzira ye transgenic muHibiscus yekushandura cuticle chemistry zvakananga muzvirimwa, vachishandisa majini akafanana neanozivikanwa kudzora kugadzirwa kwecuticle mamorekuru mune imwe modhi chirimwa, Arabidopsis.
Izvi zvakaratidza kuti cuticle magadzirirwo anogona kugadziridzwa, pasina kushandura sero kukura, nekungo gadzirisa cuticle kuumbwa. Cuticle chemistry inogona sei kudzora kupeta kwayo 3D? Vatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti kuchinja kwe cuticle chemistry inokanganisa mashandiro emagetsi eiyo cuticle sezvo, kunyangwe kana yakatambanudzwa uchishandisa yakakosha mudziyo, transgenic petals ine yakatsetseka cuticle yakaramba yakatsetseka, kusiyana neaya anobva kusango-mhando yemiti.