Honeydew mhinduro ine shuga inogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dze zvipembenene, kunyanya avo vanodya nekuisa proboscis yavo mumidziyo yephloem yechirimwa. Midziyo iyi inotakura shuga yakanyungudika uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri pese chirimwa, uye zvipembenene zvinoyamwa zvinoshandisa miromo yavo yakaita sespike kuti iwane kuyerera kwezvinonaka. Sezvineiwo, kana kapembenene kakapinda mumvura ndokutanga kusveta, simba guru riri mumudziyo wephloem rinoita kuti donhwe guru rehuchi hubude kubva mumhuno yetumbuyu. Iyo inzvimbo yakakosha yekudya kune zvimwe zvipembenene, kusanganisira marudzi akasiyana emajuru.
Kunyange zvazvo kemikari yehuchi yakaongororwa kubva pakuona kwehutano hwahwo kune majuru uye mamwe marudzi anodya pairi, chimiro chezvikamu zvinoputika (kana kunhuwa) hazvina kuongororwa. Zvinokwanisika kuti kunhuhwirira kubva muhuchi hwehuchi hunoshandiswa nezvipembenene kutaurirana, kunyanya panguva yekubereka. Chidzidzo chitsva, chakaburitswa mu Frontiers muInsect Science, ikozvino yakaratidza kuti huchi hunogadzirwa nemarambi ane mavara hunopa mazamu akawanda emhepo emakemikari anokwezva kune dzimwe nhengo dzemarudzi, uye zvichida anoita basa rinokosha mukuzvibata kwezvipembenene.
Spotted lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula) havasi vekuzvarwa kuUS, asi vakaunzwa nekusaziva kubva kuChina, uko ivo vari veko. Munhu wekutanga akanyorwa muPennsylvania munaSeptember 2014. Zvinosuruvarisa, mhuka iyi inoparadza uye inodya pamhando yakawanda yemichero, zvishongo uye miti yemiti. Vanhu vanogona kuparadzira nzendo refu nerubatsiro rwevanhu vanotamisa zvinhu zvine utachiona kana zvinhu zvine mazai akawanda. Zvakakosha kuti chipembenene ichi chigadziriswe chisati chapararira zvakanyanya, kana kuti chinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maindasitiri emumazambiringa, eminda yemichero, nekutema miti.
“Tsvakurudzo iyi yakakosha nekuti danho rekutanga rekugadzirisa chero twumbuyu nderekunzwisisa biology nemafambiro avo,” vakadaro Dr. Miriam Cooperband yeUnited States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection uye Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS PPQ) muUS kugadzira maturusi ekurwisa zvipembenene kuderedza huwandu hwevanhu uye kupararira. ”
Zvinoita sekuti nhunzi dzemwenje dzine hunhu humwechete husingajairiki hunogona kuratidza kusagadzikana. Havasi kungosiya huchi hwavo hwakanyungudika pasi pemiti iri munzvimbo yavo yekugara, asi vanoumbawo kuunganidza kukuru pahunde yemiti yakasarudzwa. Ikoko, vanobudisa dovi rakawanda zvokuti pamusoro pehunde yomuti panobva pachena uye paita furo, uye inotanga kunhuwa somuchero uri kuvira. Nhunzi dzakawanda dzinoungana panzvimbo idzi uye dzinowedzera kune zvakavandika, nepo hunde dzemiti dzakavakidzana dzichisiyiwa dzisina kubatwa.
Cooperband nevaaishanda navo vakashaya kuti dew rinobudiswa muhuwandu uhwu pamwe rine ma semiochemicals, mapheromones anopa zviratidzo kune dzimwe nhunzi uye kugadzirisa maitiro adzo. Muzvidzidzo zvakapfuura vatsvakurudzi vakaisa zvienzaniso zvidiki zverambi dzechirume kana dzechikadzi pahunde yemuti, yakavharirwa mune yakaisvonaka mesh sleeve. Mapoka aya akakurumidza kugadzira miunganidzwa mikuru yemarambi emahara pahunde yemiti, zvichikurudzira vaongorori kuti mapheromones aibatanidzwa mukukwevera nhunzi kune mumwe nemumwe.
Kuti vaone kuti dew rine huchi hupi hupi hupi hupi hunoita zvinhu hunogona kukanganisa hunhu hwemwenje, vaongorori vakaunganidza sampuli dzehuchi zvakasiyana kubva kunhunzi dzechirume nedzechikadzi mumunda, kuti vaedze murabhoritari. Vakawana akawanda semiochemicals aripo, anosanganisira mana ketoni, esters matanhatu, uye madoro matatu, ese aivepo mune ese ari maviri echikadzi asi pachiyero chakasiyana. Mishonga miviri yakaitika pareshiyo inodarika 1.5 yakakwira mumurume pane yehuchi hwechikadzi, nepo mamwe makomisheni mashanu akawanikwa pahuwandu hwevakadzi kupfuura mukuvanzika kwechirume.
Vatsvakurudzi vakabva vaongorora kuti dhevi rehuchi rakapesvedzera sei hunhu hwemwenje wemwenje nekupa nhapwa mwenje sarudzo yekutamira kunzvimbo dzine kana dzisina mhando dzakasiyana dzehuchi. Zvavakaita zvakaratidza kuti nhunzi dzechirume dzaikwezvwa nedovi remukono, nepo varume nevakadzi vaingokwezvwa zvishoma nedovi rechikadzi. Kunyangwe zvisiri pachena kuti chii chingakonzeresa hunhu uhu, izvi zvinoenderana nekuona maitiro ezvipembenene izvi mumunda.
Chikwata chakaenderera mberi nekuzivisa kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvehuchi zvakaburitsa masaini akasimba. Mamorekuru mashanu akaedzwa kukwezva uye akaonekwa aine chaiwo anokwezva pabonde. Mamorekuru maviri anonzi benzyl acetate uye 2-octanone akakwezva varume vese, molecule imwe inonzi 2-heptanone yakakwezva varume chete, molecule imwe, 2-nonanone, yakakwezva vakadzi chete, uye molecule, 1-nonanol, yakadzinga vakadzi asi kwete varume. Ese mashanu emakomisheni aya anoshandawo sezvikamu zvepheromone zvezvipenyu mukati memirairo yezvipembenene zvakawanda, kusanganisira nyuchi netsikidzi.
Izvi zvakawanikwa angori matanho ekutanga ekuwana kunzwisisa kuri nani kwenzira, ingangoita, yekudzora chipembenene ichi. Vanyori vanoratidza kuti zvavakawana zvinogona kubatsira kukudziridza matanho ekudzivirira zvipembenene, zvakadai sekugadzirwa kwesemiochemical lures yekuona kuvepo kwelanternfly, kana kushandisa sematurusi ekuteya akawanda. Pane mimwe mibvunzo yakawanda yekupindura, yakadai sekuti pane mutsauko wemwaka mukuita uku, uye kana paine kudyidzana nehutachiona muhuchi hunoburitsa makemikari anodiwa.
“Mafambiro nekurukurirano nenhunzi dzinoona mwenje dzakaoma kunzwisisa, uye iyi inongova pfungwa huru. Pamusoro pebasa redu rekudzidza masaini emakemikari, senge ari muhuchi, isu tinofarirawo basa re substrate vibrations muhurongwa hwavo hwekutaurirana, "akadaro Cooperband. "Tsvakiridzo yeramangwana inogona kutarisisa kunzwisisa kuti vanowanana sei kana vakaungana vowana vavakaroorana navo vachishandisa marudzi akawanda emasaini."
Titarise isu kunze EarthSnap, app yemahara yakaunzwa kwauri naEric Ralls uye Earth.com.