Kune magumo ari nani echikafu chakashandiswa pane kutora nzvimbo munzvimbo dzekumhara uye kupa kune kudziya kwepasirese.
Mabhakitiriya anobatsira akasimba musisitimu inokura masisitimu akarapwa nemarara akaviriswa ne-zvigadzirwa. UC Riverside masayendisiti akawana zvakaviriswa marara echikafu anogona kusimudzira hutachiona hunowedzera kukura kwezvirimwa, zvichiita kuti zvirimwa zvinyanye kurwisa utachiona uye kudzikisira kabhoni kubva pakurima.
"Ma microbes anobatsira akawedzera zvakanyanya patakawedzera tsvina yekudya mukudyara masisitimu ekukura," akadaro UCR microbiologist, Deborah Pagliaccia, akatungamira kutsvagurudza. "Kana paine zvakakwana zvehutachiona uhwu hwakanaka, zvinogadzira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemetabolite inobatsira zvirimwa kukura zvakanaka uye nekukurumidza."
Sezvo zvirimwa mukuyedza uku zvaive zvakasimwa mugreenhouse, mabhenefiti emarara zvigadzirwa akachengetedzwa mukati mekavharirwa yekudiridza system. Midzi yemiti inogamuchira mutsva mushonga wekurapa nguva dzese dzavanodiridzwa.
Sustainable kutenderera
"Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvekutsvaga uku," akadaro Pagliaccia. "Kugadzira kutenderera kunoenderera apo tinochengetedza mvura nekuishandisa patsva munzvimbo yakavharirwa yemadiridziro uye panguva imwechete tichiwedzera chigadzirwa kubva mumarara echikafu chinobatsira zvirimwa nechero mvura yekudiridza."
Mhedzisiro iyi yakatsanangurwa munguva pfupi yadarika mupepa rakaburitswa mumagazini maFrontiers muSustainable Food Systems. Chikafu chemarara chinokanganisa zvakanyanya nyika. MuUS moga, zvinosvika makumi mashanu kubva muzana zvezvose chikafu zvinokandwa kure. Yakawanda yemarara iyi haina kudzokororwazve, asi pachinzvimbo, inotora zvinopfuura makumi maviri muzana muzana yeAmerican landfill vhoriyamu.
Tsvina iyi haimiriri kurasikirwa kwehupfumi chete, asi marara akakosha emvura yakachena anoshandiswa kugadzira chikafu, uye kushandisa zvisirizvo izvo zvingagone kudyisa mamirioni evanhu vane mari shoma vanotambura nekuchengetedza chikafu.
Imwe nzira yekushandisa chikafu chekudya
Kubatsira kurwisa idzi nyaya, timu yeUCR yekutsvaga yakatsvaga kumwe kushandiswa kwekurasa chikafu. Vakaongorora zvigadzirwa kubva kumarudzi maviri emarara anowanikwa zviri nyore muSouth California: doro mash - chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa nedoro - uye yakasanganiswa tsvina yemarara yakaraswa nezvitoro.
Mhando mbiri dzemarara dzakakwenenzverwa neRwizi Road Research uye ndokuzowedzerwa kune yekudiridzira system ichidiridzira michero yemucitrus mune greenhouse. Mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana, huwandu hwepakati hwehutachiona hunobatsira hwaive maviri kana matatu maodha ehukuru hwakakura kupfuura muzvirimwa zvisina kugashira marapirwo, uye maitiro aya aienderera nguva yega yega vaongorori pavakawedzera marapirwo.
UCR musayendisiti wezvemamiriro ekunze Samantha Ying nechikwata chake vakabva vadzidza nezve carbon dynamics uye zvinovaka muviri zvinosanganisira nitrogen muvhu rezvirimwa zvakarapwa. Iko kuongorora kwakaratidza spike muhuwandu hwekabhoni mumvura yekudiridza mushure mekurapwa nemarara zvigadzirwa, zvichiteverwa nekuderera kwakapinza, zvichiratidza kuti mabhakitiriya anobatsira akashandisa kabhoni iripo kudzokorora.
Pagliaccia akatsanangura kuti izvi zvakawanikwa zvine chekuita nekukura kwebhakitiriya uye nezvirimwa zvacho. "Kana zvigadzirwa zvemarara zvichikwanisa kugadzirisa kabhoni kusvika senitrogen pazviyo, tinogona kuwedzera ruzivo urwu kusimudzira masisitimu ekugadzira," akadaro.
Kwete Salmonella
Kumwe kuwanikwa kwechinyorwa ndechekuti hapana doro mash kana zvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa zvechikafu zvakaedzwa zvakanaka kuSalmonella kana mamwe mabhakitiriya epathogenic, zvichiratidza kuti havaizounza chero chinhu chinokuvadza kune zvirimwa zvekudya.
"Pane chishuwo chakasimba chekuvandudza nzira dzekurima," akadaro UCR chirimwa pathologist uye kudzidza mubatsiri munyori Georgios Vidalakis. "Citrus yekuCalifornia, kunyanya, iri kusangana nematambudziko enhoroondo senge Huanglongbing chirwere chehutachiona uye kushomeka kwekuwanika kwemvura," akadaro Georgios Vidalakis, chiremba wezvezvirimwa weUCR.
Mhedzisiro yebepa iri inoratidza kushandisa marudzi maviri aya emarara echikafu mukurima kunobatsira uye kunogona kutsigira kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekuwedzera nevarimi - mune zvimwe zviitiko kubvisa kushandiswa kwezvinowedzera zvakadaro zvachose. Zvirimwa zvaibva zvanyanya kudhura.
Shell zvigadzirwa
Pagliaccia naYing zvakare nguva pfupi yadarika vakagamuchira rubatsiro rweCalifornia Dhipatimendi reChikafu uye Zvekurima kuti vaedze zvakafanana vachishandisa goko remuarumondi kubva kuCorigin Solutions kuwedzera zvirimwa. Ichi chirongwa chinotsigirwawo nemari kubva kuCalifornia Citrus Nursery Board, Corigin Solutions, uye neCalifornia Agriculture uye Food Enterprise.
"Kuumba kudyidzana pakati pekutsvagisa pakati pezvematongerwo enyika pamwe nekuvaka kudyidzana kweveruzhinji-akazvimirira kuchabatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko arikutarisana nehurongwa hwezvekudya," akadaro munyori anoshanda pamwe weUCR Norman Ellstrand, purofesa ane mukurumbira wemageneti.
Kana makambani achigonesa varimi kushandisa marara echikafu zvigadzirwa zvezvekurima, zvinobatsira kufambisa nzanga kuenda kune yakawanda eco-inoshamwaridzika sisitimu yekushandisa.
“Tinofanirwa kushandura hupfumi tichienda kune yakatenderera tichienda kune yakatenderera iyo yatinoshandisa chimwe chinhu tobva tawana chinangwa chitsva chayo. Izvi zvakakosha kuchengetedza nyika yedu kubva pakuparara kwezviwanikwa pamwe nekutyisidzirwa nemweya we greenhouse, "akadaro Pagliaccia. "Ndiyo nyaya yeprojekti iyi."
Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko,
Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia Riverside
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