#agriculture #greenhousefarming #vegetableproduction #Kazakhstan #agriculturaleconomics #energycosts #governmentsupport
Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwazvino kubva kuEnergyprom.kz, nzvimbo inoshandiswa greenhouse muKazakhstan yadzikira kubva painoda kusvika 1,500 mahekita kusvika pa1,200 chete mahekita, inomiririra kudzikira kwe18.1%. Chinhu chikuru chakonzeresa kuita kwakashata uku kwave kuderera kwenzvimbo dzevarimi-varidzi vegreenhouses, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemahekita 210.3 kana 24.7% muna 2022. Maindasitiri ezvekurima mabhizimusi ezvekurima akasanganawo nekudzikira, kunyangwe hazvo asina kukosha, aine kudzikiswa kwemahekita makumi mana nematatu kana kuti 43%.
Nekuda kwekuderera kwenzvimbo dzegreenhouse, kugadzirwa kwese kwemagaka nemadomasi zvakarimwa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa muna 2022 kwakasvika matani 182,400 chete, ingangoita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu pasi pematani mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemazana mashanu akakohwewa muna 256,500.
Matunhu ekumaodzanyemba eKazakhstan, anosanganisira Turkistan, Almaty, Zhambyl, uye Shymkent nzvimbo, anotora 76.3% yezvese zvinorimwa muriwo. Matunhu aya ane mamiriro ekunze akanaka, zvichiita kuti zvidhure kurima zvirimwa munzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa zvichienzaniswa nekupisa kwechando kunowanikwa kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva. Mapurazi edunhu reTurkistan anotungamira mukugovera miriwo yegreenhouse kumisika yeKazakhstani.
Nekudaro, nguva yechando ya2022 yakave nenjodzi kumapurazi ekumaodzanyemba kwegreenhouse nekuda kwekutonhora kusati kwamboitika. Mabhizinesi mazhinji egreenhouse akarasikirwa zvakanyanya, nemumiriri Saken Kanibekov kubva kuAssociation of Greenhouse and Horticultural Farmers of Turkistan region uye Shymkent vachishuma kuti 90% yemaodzanyemba mapurazi egreenhouse ave kuda kubhuroka.
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru akatarisana nevarimi vekumaodzanyemba munguva yechando raive dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemarasha. Apo tembiricha yakadzikira kusvika kuminus 30 degrees Celsius, dzimba zhinji dzegreenhouse dzaishaya peturu yekudziisa. Kunyangwe kuderera kushoma kwetembiricha kwemazuva mashoma kunogona kuparadza basa remwaka wezvirimwa zvegreenhouse. Izvi zvakaita kuti varimi varase matani ematomatisi akaomeswa nechando.
Zvisinei, kushomeka uye kudhura kwemafuta inongova chinhu chimwe chete pandandanda refu yezvipingamupinyi zvinotadzisa kusimudzirwa kwebhizimusi regreenhouse muKazakhstan. Kwemakore anodarika mashanu, nyanzvi dzesangano reSouthern Greenhouse Farmers dzanga dzichitumira tsamba kubazi rezvekurima, Prime Minister, pamwe nemutungamiri wenyika, dzichiratidza kusamira zvakanaka kuri kuita chikamu chekurima ichi. Matambudziko eindasitiri yehurongwa anokonzera kudhura kwemiriwo, uye munguva yekusashanda, zvirimwa zvemumba hazvigone kukwikwidzana nemutengo nemagaka nemadomasi anounzwa kunze kwenyika. Kunyangwe tichifunga nezvezvinhu uye zvimwe zvekushandisa kunze kwenyika, vatengesi vanobva kunyika dzakavakidzana dzeCentral Asia vanopinda mumusika weKazakhstani nemitengo yakaderera. Mumiriri weSangano akataura kuti varimi veKazakhstani vanoshanda pasi pemamiriro asina kukwikwidza nekuda kwekusiyana kwakakura mumitero yevashandi.
Kuti vaenzanise nhandare yeKazakhstani agronomists nevamabhizinesi vachienzaniswa nevamwe vavo munyika dzakavakidzana, varimi vagara vachikurudzira hurumende kuti iunze rubatsiro rwehurumende pahekita yegreenhouses uye chikamu chemuripo wezviwanikwa zvesimba. Sekureva kweGurukota rezvekurima, Erbol Karashukeev, hurumende yakagadzirira kupa rubatsiro rwakadaro kuvarimi vegreenhouse, asi vanofanirwa kutanga vawana gwaro rekutevedzera tekinoroji dzekugadzira.
Zvichakadaro, sezvipikirwa zvekugadzirisa nyaya dzevarimi, mitengo yemiriwo yegreenhouse muzvitoro zveKazakhstani yakapfuura zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekudya. Uku kusaenzana kunonyanya kuoneka kana uchienzanisa mutengo index wemagaka neavhareji index yezvigadzirwa zvekudya. Munguva yemwaka wepamusoro wemiriwo yegreenhouse, kubva muna Zvita kusvika Kurume, mutengo pakirogiramu yemagaka kubva pa957 kusvika 1,244 tenge, kuwedzera kwe47.5% kusvika 56.8%. Kusiyana neizvi, avhareji yemutengo wekuwedzera yaive mukati me25% kusvika 26%.
Mitengo yematomatisi panguva yekunze yakapfuurawo 1,000 tenge pakirogiramu, asi zvichienzaniswa nemagaka, inflationary indexes yematomatisi yakanga isina kukwira zvakanyanya, kubva pa20% kusvika 32%.
Kudzikira kwenzvimbo dzegreenhouse muKazakhstan kunounza matambudziko makuru kune chikamu chekurima chenyika, kunyanya kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemiriwo. Kudzikira kwenzvimbo dzinorimwa pamwe nekudzikira kwegoho zvakonzera kuti vanhu vawedzere kuvimba nemuriwo wegreenhouse kubva kunze kwenyika. Varimi vanosangana nezvimhingamipinyi zvakawanda zvinosanganisira kudhura kwemagetsi, kutsamira pazvinhu zvinobva kunze kwenyika, uye kusawana rutsigiro rwakakwana kuhurumende. Matanho ekukurumidzira, akadai serubatsiro rwehurumende uye muripo wesimba rekushandisa, anodiwa kumutsiridza indasitiri yegreenhouse uye kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kwayo.