Yakagadzirwa kubva ku2004 kusvika ikozvino, kune akawanda marudzi e greenhouses muguta reDa Lat (Lam Dong province) kubva kune inodhura kusvika kune yakakwirira-yekupedzisira, saka zvakakosha kufambisa iyo greenhouse yese kunze kwemukati meguta. kushandisa akawanda synchronous uye kwenguva refu mhinduro.
Mhando dzese dzegreenhouses muDa Lat
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Dhipatimendi rekurima uye Rural Development yepurovhinzi yeLam Dong yakatumira chikumbiro kukomiti yepurovhinzi kuti ibvumire chirongwa cheGreenhouse management, ichikurudzira kugadzirwa kwekurima nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze mudunhu reLam Dong. .
Sekureva kweDhipatimendi rekurima nekusimudzirwa kwekumaruwa mudunhu reLam Dong, muna 2004, Provincial People's Committee yakabvumidza iyo High-Tech Agriculture Development Program yenguva ye2004 - 2010. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pakupera kwe2010, iyo yakazara nzvimbo. Hi-tech kurima kwekurima mudunhu reLam Dong kwakabvumidzwa neProvincial People's Committee. Dong inopfuura 6,400 hectares, kukosha kwekugadzira pachikamu chenzvimbo yakarimwa ndeye 76 miriyoni VND / ha, ine avhareji mari ye35-40 miriyoni VND / ha. Imo, iyo greenhouse nzvimbo inosvika kupfuura 1,100ha.
Panguva ino, mazhinji emagreenhouses anogadzirwa neV3, V4 bamboo nesimbi mafuremu uye 1-2 akaturikidzana enylon firimu, anonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira kunaya kwemvura, pasina chaiwo greenhouse dhizaini dhizaini, kunyanya yekugadzira greenhouse gasi. zvinongoerekana zvaitika.
Zvadaro, munguva ye2011-2015, nzvimbo yose yegreenhouse muLam Dong yakakura kusvika kupfuura 3,100ha. Kugadzirwa uye kukosha kwezvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvipfuyo zvakawedzera paavhareji nepamusoro pe30%, zvichibatsira kuwedzera purofiti yevagadziri nepamusoro pe40% zvichienzaniswa nemari. Huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hunoita 80% yehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika.
Zvakadaro, panguva iyi, kwaive nemabhizinesi akati wandei aiunza zvinhu zvegreenhouse kubva kunyika dzepamusoro dzakaita seTaiwan, Japan, Netherlands, zvichingodaro, ndokuzviunganidzira kumabhizinesi anonyanya kugadzira maruva nemapindu emhando yepamusoro. incubate. Kusvika ikozvino, purovhinzi yeLam Dong ine anopfuura 4,300 ha e greenhouses (kuwedzera kweanopfuura 1,100 ha zvichienzaniswa ne2015).
Lam Dong Dhipatimendi rekurima uye Rural Development rakarongawo nemayuniti akakodzera kuti aongorore, aongorore uye atarise mana akajairika marudzi emagreenhouse anoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro kwekurima. Imo, 2 marudzi epamusoro-giredhi greenhouses ari 1A uye 1B. Chimiro chegreenhouse chine denga re butterfly, dome rakavhurika kune rimwe divi rine aperture ye 9.6-12.8m, gutter kureba kwe5m. 200 micron gobvu 5-layer polyethylene denga remba ine anti-guruva, anti-mhute, anti-utachiona, anti-UV zvivakwa.
Mhando mbiri dzepakati-level greenhouses, 2A uye 2B, ine yakavhurika dome greenhouse chimiro kune rimwe divi rine aperture ye8-9.6m. Imba inogadzirwa zvinoenderana nedhizaini nekuvaka zviyero zvekurima greenhouses dzedzimwe nyika uye dhizaini zviyero zvemutoro zvinoenderana nemamiriro eVietnam.
Mukuwedzera, 3 mhando dzepasi-giredhi greenhouses 3A, 3B, 3C ine greenhouse zvimiro 3A yakavharwa dome, 3B yakavhurika dome, 3C denga A-yakaita ine aperture ye5.2-6m. Mhando iyi yegreenhouse inoshandiswa ne93% yedzimba dzakaongororwa. Zvichakadaro, avhareji greenhouse gasi akashandisa maakaundendi chete 6%, yakasara yepamusoro-giredhi greenhouses nhoroondo chete 1%, kunyanya akatarisana mapurazi ane guru mari mari.
Mhinduro dzekuunza greenhouses kumukati meguta
Kuburikidza neongororo yakaitwa neDhipatimendi rekurima uye Rural Development mudunhu reLam Dong, muWard 12, Da Lat City, chiyero chenzvimbo yegreenhouse / nzvimbo yekurima inoita 83.7%. Zvichakadaro, mawadhi 5, 7 ne8 ari pamusoro pe60%. Mamwe mawadhi mukati meguta reDa Lat akadai sewadhi 6, wadhi 3, wadhi 4, nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo yevhu mumakore matatu apfuura, nzvimbo zhinji dzegreenhouse dzakashandurwa kuita ivhu rekuvaka, kusashandisa greenhouses. . MuWard 3, kwasara mahekita 6 chete uye Ward 9.4 ine mahekita 3 edzimba dzekurima.
Zvakare maererano neDhipatimendi iri, kuti chirongwa ichi chiitwe nenguva uye nezvibereko zvepamusoro, zviremera zvinofanira kuunganidza pamwe nekutungamira vanhu kuti vavake magreenhouse matsva anoenderana nezvinodiwa nehunyanzvi uye kuwana mvumo yekuvaka dzimba. girazi kuburikidza nekunyoresa kwekuchinja kwenyika.
Kugadziridza uye kushongedza magreenhouses kuti asangane nehunyanzvi zviyero, kudyara miti pazvirongwa uye mapurani kuderedza greenhouse effect.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandura kugadzirwa mumagreenhouse kuita kurima kwekunze, kugadzira magreenhouse emazuva ano kusimudzira zvinobudirira michina yemhando yepamusoro, tekinoroji yeIoT yakasanganiswa nekushandiswa kwemaitiro ekurima epamusoro kusimudzira goho, kunaka uye kukosha kwezvigadzirwa, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza nharaunda.
Pamusoro pezvo, maererano nekuronga kwemadhorobha uye nekushongedza mhinduro, zvinofanirwa kuburitsa mirau yenguva pfupi pane greenhouse tekinoroji zviyero, greenhouse kuvaka density, greenhouse manejimendi mitemo mupurovhinzi kubata greenhouse gasi. kuvaka greenhouses mudunhu reLam Dong, yakakodzera kumamiriro ekunze uye chaiwo mamiriro edunhu rega.
Simbisai manejimendi enzvimbo dzekurima maererano nehurongwa hwese hwakatenderwa uye chirongwa chekushandiswa kwevhu. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chezvinangwa, chiyero uye chinangwa chekushandiswa kwevhu rekurima zvinoenderana nekuronga kwakabvumidzwa, kwete kugadzira mamwe magreenhouse mumaguta.
“Dunhu reLam Dong rinofanirwa kuronga minda yekurima mumadhorobha kuti ishandire kurima kwakachena uye kurima kwepamusoro pasina kushandisa magreenhouse, kuderedza chikamu cheminda yekurima mumaguta, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekurima mumaguta. Huyero yevhu yekuvaka kwemaguta Nzvimbo dzinotora danho mukugadzira zvirongwa zvekusimudzira greenhouse kunze kwemaguta (nzvimbo dzemadhorobha, nzvimbo dzekurima dzakashongedzerwa) pamwe nekuronga kwese uye zvirongwa zvekushandiswa kwevhu zvakabvumidzwa. bvumira.
Zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa firimu repurasitiki rakapoteredza greenhouse uye kushandura nzira yekurima pane iyi ivhu rinorimwa nekurima kwekunze kana semi-greenhouse (mushure memwaka mishoma, sirin'i yegreenhouse inobviswa pakurima yakavhurika kana kuvaka greenhouse ine otomatiki kudzora denga).
Kunyanya, munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwegreenhouses, iyo greenhouse nzvimbo inokanganisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Zvirimwa zvinosarudzwa kuti zvishandurwe kuti zvive nekubudirira kwepamusoro, kushanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pamusika, zvichitungamira kusarudzwa kwemhando dzakakodzera kugadzirwa chaiko", Dhipatimendi rekurima neRural Development rakatsanangudza mhinduro. kuitira kuti chirongwa chibudirire.
Panguva imwe chete, iyo yekukweretesa yemortgage yegreenhouses, iyo midziyo yakabatana nenyika, yegreenhouses yakavakwa mukuteerana nemirau uye tekinoroji zviyero uye inopihwa marezinesi neanokwanisa masimba ekuvaka ndiyo mhinduro yedambudziko. Mabhuku anofarirwawo zvikuru nevanhu nemabhizinesi.
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