Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yemwedzi gumi ye10, kugadzirwa kwemachampignons munyika yedu kwakawedzera ne2022% gore-pa-gore.
Kumhanya kwakanaka. Kazhinji, indasitiri yehowa yanga ichiratidza kukura kunoshamisa kwemakore akati wandei akatevedzana, kakawanda pamberi peavhareji yepasi rose. Champignons inotonga pamusika, vagadziri vavo vanoisa rhythm inokurumidza. Kursk Mushroom Rainbow, iyo inorima howa yega yega yechishanu munyika, yakawedzerawo zvakanyanya kupihwa kwehowa kumusika mumwedzi yapfuura.
Iyo agro-bhizinesi yaAlexander Udodov naOleg Logvinov yakavakwa "kubva pakutanga" pedyo neKursk.
Masvomhu ekubudirira
Kubva munaNdira kusvika Gumiguru, mapurazi ekurima akakura anopfuura 110 zviuru matani emachampignons. Avhareji yegoho repamwedzi yakapfuura 11 zviuru matani, inova 1.5 zviuru matani kupfuura gore rapfuura. Saka yakaverengerwa mubhuku rinonzi "Chikoro cheKukura kwehowa", iyo inonyatso tarisa zviri kuitika mumusika wehowa. Pakupera kwegore, iyo indasitiri yakamirira zvinyorwa zvitsva, uye vanokahadzika vakati kugona kwayo kukura kwave kupedzwa kunofanirwa kudzidziswa zvakare kuva vane tariro. Champignons inotonga pamusika, inoverengera kupfuura 90%. Vanokura naAlexander Udodov uye Oleg Logvinov's Mushroom Rainbow uye mamwe makuru e greenhouse complexes. Howa hweOyster huri pachinzvimbo chechipiri, asi hunokohwewa zvishoma, uye goho racho harina kugadzikana. Iyo yepamusoro yakasvikwa muna 2019, apo mapurazi ekurima akakura kupfuura matani mazana matanhatu nemazana matatu, achiteverwa nekudzikira kwemakore maviri. Mukupera kwegore rino, anenge matani 6,300 anotarisirwa. Exotic howa aripo pamusika mune yakanaka assortment. Aya ndiwo shiitake, eringi, flammulin, folitota, achangobva kukohwa goho rekutanga regoridhe enoki. Zvakangodaro, exotics chigadzirwa niche, kunyangwe kugadzirwa kuri kukura nekukurumidza. Maererano nekufanotaura kweSHG, matani 6,500 ehowa hwekunze huchakohwewa gore rino.
Kubva pakatangwa, kambani yakawedzera kupihwa kwemachampignons kumusika kasere
Pane zvikonzero zvakati wandei zvekukurumidza kukunda kwemusika nemachampignons: mutengo unoyevedza, zvinovaka muviri zvivakwa uye culinary zvakanakira. Nyanzvi dzaizowedzera hutano hwakanaka pano, asi vashoma vatengi vari kuziva izvi. Mutengo, senguva dzose, ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Tichitarisa nezvitoro zveMoscow, mitengo yemachampignon matsva muna 2020 na2021 yakaderera kubva pa310 kusvika pa250 rubles/kg. Izvi zvakakosha. Gore rino, mitengo yemachampignons muzvitoro zvikuru zveguta guru yakawedzera ne12%, iri pasi penyama uye zviyo. Chikonzero chehushamwari hwakadaro hwemitengo kune vatengi kukwikwidza kwakanyanya mumusika wehowa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nhamba yemapurazi ehowa ane zvinopfuura hafu. Makambani madiki haagone kumira mumakwikwi uye obva pamusika. Asi vatambi vakuru, vakadai sekambani yaAlexander Udodov naOleg Logvinov, vari kuwedzera mavhoriyamu ekugadzira.
Champignons yakanaka yekubika ndiro dzakasiyana-siyana kumba uye muchikamu chekudya. Inogona kubikwa, yakakangwa, yakabikwa, yakabikwa, yakabikwa kana kudyiwa isina kubikwa, semuenzaniso mumasaladhi. Ichave yakasiyana-siyana mukuravira, asi panguva imwechete chikafu chine utano. Kubva pakuona kwekubatsira kwemuviri, champignons inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa howa. Icho chigadzirwa chekudya chinosanganisira mapuroteni, zvose zvakakosha amino acids, fiber (chitin), unsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, mavitamini emapoka B, C, D, nicotinic uye folic acids, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron.
Saka machampignon matsva ndiwo ane hutano hwepamusoro chikafu. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro peizvi munyika yedu, uye mune dzimwe nyika mazano ehupenyu hune hutano anosanganisira 100 g yehowa yakarimwa muzvokudya zvezuva nezuva.
Champignons a la rus
Nyika yehowa yakasiyana uye yakakura. Kune zviratidzo zvechirimwa nemhuka munyika dzehowa, asi iyi ishe yakaparadzana yechisikigo. Masayendisiti haazive nhamba chaiyo yezvipenyu zvavo, maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana - kubva kune zana rezviuru kusvika kune imwe nehafu yemamiriyoni, zviuru zvemazana zvinodyiwa. Asi kune makumi maviri chete akarimwa (avo vakadzidza kurima zvekugadzira) kusvika ikozvino.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwepasirese, kaviri-shizha champignon yabuda mumakwikwi, ayo asingawanzo kuwanikwa musango, asi inokura mumapoka makuru. Hwaive howa uhu hwakakunda mumakwikwi ekurima, hunotengeswa zvakanyanya pasi rose uye hunounza mari yakanaka kumapurazi ekurima.
Nhamba ye1 mugadziri wemachampignons munyika yedu ndiyo kambani yeKursk "Mushroom Rainbow".
Zvinotendwa kuti champignons yakatanga kurimwa muFrance, kunyange zvazvo maItaly asingabvumirani neizvi uye anoratidza kuti muchindwe munyaya iyi ndewenyika yavo.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kurimwa kwechampignons kwakanyorwa pakati pezana remakore re XVII mumakorori pedyo neParis. Kubva kuFrance, chigadzirwa chitsva chakapararira muEurope, muRussia chakatanga kukura kubva pakati pezana remakore reXVIII. Zvinoda kuziva kuti shoko rokuti "champignon", iro rakadzika midzi mumutauro wedu, rakakweretwa kubva kuFrench, apo rinongoreva "mushroom".
Muzana XIX uye kutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, maRussia agrarians akawana kubudirira kwakakomba mune champignonage. Zvigadzirwa zvavo uye zvigadzirwa zvakapihwa mibairo pazviratidzwa zvepasi rose. Mumwe wemapiyona ekurima howa, Yefim Grachev, chizvarwa chevarimi, akasimbisa kuti chinhu chikuru mukukura kwechampignons ndiko kugadzirira kwevhu rakakodzera. Izvi zvichiri kushanda nhasi. Kwakanga kuri nekutanga kugadzira kwavo manyowa uko Hoopoes naLogvins vakatanga chirongwa chavo chehowa. Manheru eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mazana ehowa greenhouses akashanda muRussia, howa hwakaendeswa kumusika hutsva, hwakabikwa uye hwakatotanga kuiswa mumagaba.
Kompositi yemhando yepamusoro inodiwa pakukura machampignon anonaka uye ane hutano
MuRussia yemazuva ano, misika yehowa yave ichirarama kubva kunze kwenyika kwenguva yakareba, mapfumbamwe kubva mugumi machampignon akaunzwa kubva kunze kwenyika, kunyanya kubva kuPoland.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akatanga kuchinja mushure megore ra2014, apo nzira yekuRussia yakavharwa kune zvigadzirwa zvehowa kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Mushroom import substitution yakatanga, mari yakapinda muindastiri, mahombe egreenhouse complex ekukura machampignon akavakwa.
Muna June 2017, mabheti ekutanga ezvigadzirwa zvayo akaiswa pamusika ne "Mushroom Rainbow" naAlexander Udodov naOleg Logvinov. Nekutanga kwegore rino, kambani iyi yakawedzera huwandu hwayo hwekugadzira kasere uye yakagadzira mabasa gumi nemazana mashanu. Huwandu hwekudyara hwakapfuura mabhiriyoni gumi rubles. Musika wehowa wakaenzana nemutungamiri. Mumakore matatu apfuura, mapurazi ehowa anga achiwedzera goho remashawa ne10-18% pagore. Musika wehowa une chikamu chinodarika 20% unotongwa nezvigadzirwa zvemumba, kuendesa kunze kwenyika kunyika dzakavakidzana kwatanga. Gore rino kuchave nekuwedzera kwakakosha mukuunganidzwa kwechampignons zvakare. Mune maonero emakore akati wandei, musika wehowa zvechokwadi une nzvimbo yekukura. Iyi imusika wemakwikwi ane hutano ari kuwedzera.
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