Marobhoti asvika muminda yeCalifornia. Zhizha rino, a inozvityaira tarakita yakaonekwa ichishanda mitsara yemizambiringa muNapa mupata. Inotsanangurwa seyakafanana ne “souped-up golf ngoro”, tirakita inomhanya pabhatiri remagetsi uye inogona kushandirwa kure neapp.
Kure kumaodzanyemba, marobhoti ekukohwa sitiroberi vanga vachitanha michero. Yakazara nemavhiri, maoko akachekwa-chekwa uye tireyi yekubatisa, mugadziri wayo anoti muchina uyu unogona kutanha maberry akawanda semunhu ane 95% chokwadi.
Shanduko yepasi rose yeag-tech yakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura sezvo dambudziko remamiriro ekunze richiisa dambudziko kuvarimi nezvirimwa, uye denda iri rinoramba richikanganisa vashandi vanotsamira indasitiri. In California, uko kwakawanda kweiyi tekinoroji iri kugadzirwa nekuyedzwa, izvo zvamutsa mibvunzo yakaoma kune vashandi vepapurazi rehurumende.
Havasi vese vashandi vanoona otomatiki sechinhu chakashata, vatsigiri vanodaro, nekuti ine mukana wekurerutsa zvinhu zvakaoma zvebasa. Asi ivo vanotyawo kumhanyisa kuita otomatiki kuri kuitwa pasina zvavakaita, uye nenzira inopa varidzi vemapurazi, vanogadzira tekinoroji uye vanoisa mari pasina kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yevashandi.
Igakava rinouya sezvo vashandi vekuCalifornia vari kutorwira dzimwe kodzero nedziviriro. Muna Nyamavhuvhu, United Farm Workers, mubatanidzwa mukuru wevashandi vemumapurazi muUS, vakapedza mazuva makumi maviri nemana, 24-mamaira. kufora kuguta guru muSacramento, vachida kuti gavhuna, Gavin Newsom, asaine bhiri rinoita kuti zvive nyore kubatana pasina kutya uye kutyisidzirwa nevashandirwi. (Newsom, muridzi wemunda wemizambiringa, haisati yasaina bhiri kunyangwe kudzvinyirira kubva kuWhite House svondo rino.)
“Inyaya imwe chete neautomation mune chero indasitiri, ichatsiva mabasa here? Uye, kana zvakadaro, iko kutsiva mabasa nemari inobhadharwa yakakwira here? akadaro Maria Cadenas, director director wesangano risingabatsiri reSanta Cruz Community Ventures, sangano rinopa rutsigiro rwemari nezvirongwa kumhuri dzine mari shoma munzvimbo yeMonterey Bay.
"Tiri kutarisa masisitimu akange asina kugadzirwa kuti agoverane hupfumi, tiri kutarisa masisitimu akagadzirwa kuti arambe achitora nekuvaka hupfumi kune varidzi."
Anopa muenzaniso wekuti michina yakaunzwa sei kukohwa madomasi muma1960 zvakaguma nekufungidzira 32,000 vashandi vepapurazi kurasikirwa nemabasa uye kuita kuti mazana emapurazi maduku ashaye basa. Kunyora pane kukanganisa kweautomation yekugadzira tomato mu a 1978 chinyorwa kuNyika, mutungamiri wevashandi vepapurazi Cesar Chavez akasimbisa mutengo wevanhu weiyi "inoshamisa tekinoroji".
"Ongororo inofanirwa kubatsira munhu wese, vashandi pamwe nevarimi," akanyora kudaro.
Kushandisa dambudziko senzvimbo yekutengesa
Silicon Valley inogara padivi penzvimbo yakakura yeCentral Valley inozivikanwa seAmerica's bread bowl, uko inofungidzirwa kuti 25% chekudya chenyika chinorimwa nekukohwewa makumi ezviuru zvevashandi. Muna 2020, ag-tech inotanga muCalifornia yakawana $5.6bn mukutsvaga mari yekubhadhara mari, inopfuura nyika ina dzinotevera dzasanganiswa, dzichiumba 20% yemari yepasi rose muindasitiri.
Denda reCovid-19 rakapa mikana mitsva yeSilicon Valley kuti iite tekinoroji yayo, anodaro Emily Reisman, mubatsiri wepurofesa wezvakatipoteredza uye kuenderera mberi paYunivhesiti yeBuffalo. In pepa 2021, Reisman akaongorora kuti webinars uye zviratidziro zvepamoyo pane makumi mana neshanu ag-tech zviitiko kubva munaKurume 45 kusvika Gunyana 2020 zvakakurukura zvingangoitika.
"Chingave chikanganiso chakakosha kupinda mugomba uye tisingataure nezve coronavirus kana denda repasirese," mumwe mukuru wezvekutanga ag-tech akaudza vezera rake mune webinar nezvekutanga mari panguva yedenda. Mumwe muvambi weag-tech akatsinhira manzwiro aya, ukuwo vatungamiriri vakati kutya kushomeka kwevashandi kwakagadzirira kumhanyisa otomatiki.
Reisman anopokana kuti kushandisa matambudziko senzvimbo yekutengesa kune njodzi dzinoratidza otomatiki sekusava nehanya, uye nekuvhara maitiro kune vashandi vepapurazi vanogona kudzingwa.
“Vanhu vazhinji vari vashandi vemumapurazi varipo havakwanise kuzvidzivirira kumagetsi, vazhinji vavo vari kuchembera, vazhinji vavo vanoona maturusi aya seanokwanisa kurerutsa mamwe mabasa epapurazi,” akadaro Reisman. "Asi, kana tikafunga nezvedenda sekuvapembedza, pane dzimwe njodzi."
Reisman akati otomatiki inogona zvakare kugadzira njodzi dzekuenda kune dzimwe nyika kune vashandi vemumapurazi, vazhinji vacho vanobva kuLatin America. Mapoka emapurazi anga vanotungamira vanotsigira kune shanduko dzekubuda kwevanhu munyika dzinotsigira vashandi vaenzi nevatorwa vasina magwaro, akatsanangura, asi rutsigiro urwu runogona kudzikira kana kunyangarika sezvo otomatiki inodzikisira kutsamira kweindasitiri kune vashandi vekunze.
Kuverenga nenhoroondo
Vamwe vanoti kunyange maotomatiki ari kukwira, hazviite kuti vashandi vemumapurazi vashaye basa zvachose. Pane mamwe mabasa angangotadza kuita nemarobhoti, anodaro Giev Kashkooli, mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika nemutemo weUnited Farm Workers of America, sekuona kuti ndezvipi zvirimwa zvagadzirira kunhongwa pachirimwa chinogona kurongedzerwa kutengeswa. kunze kwembesa dzisati dzakura kana dzakaora.
Armando Elenes, murongi wevashandi vepapurazi uye munyori wemubati wehomwe weUnited Farm Workers, Akaudzwa Civil Eats muna 2020 yaaifungira kuti marobhoti aizotsiva vashandi vemumapurazi, ayo aakati anga ambotaurwa kwemakore anopfuura gumi. Vati mubatanidzwa wakanyanya kukoshesa kuchengetedza vashandi, kodzero dzavo pamwe nekuwedzera hwaro hwemubatanidzwa.
Vashandi vemumapurazi kubvira kare kubatwa zvisina kunaka neindasitiri yezvekurima uye vakafanirwa kuronga nekurwira chero pfuma kumamiriro avo ekushanda uye mihoro. Ricardo Salvador, sainzi mukuru uye director weFood and Environment Programme kuUnion of Concerned Scientists, vakapokana kuti nhoroondo iyi inofanirwa kugadziriswa nevaya vari kutsigira matekinoroji matsva kana vachizozadzisa zvakavimbiswa.
"Vashandi ndivo [ndivo] vari kubatsira mukudzika uye kuita purofiti kune varimi, varimi nemaindasitiri," akadaro Salvador, uye anoti ruzivo urwu runofanira kushandiswa nemakambani ehunyanzvi ari kutsvaga kugadzira.
"Kushanda pamwe chete nevashandi vemumapurazi, vanova vanhu vanonyanya kujairana nemafambisirwo anoitwa mashandiro, uye kuvanyorera sevabatsiri uye vanobatsirikana mukuvandudza tekinoroji," akadaro, "kunogona kukurumidza uye pamwe kutovandudza mashandisirwo ayo. .”
Kunobva: https://www.theguardian.com/